小学英语必背100个基础知识.docx

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1、一、一个星期七天SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday二、一年十二个月JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember三、一年四季1. spring2. summer3. autumn4. winter四、容易拼写错的数字1. eighth第八2. ninth第九3. forty四十4. twelfth第十二5. twentieth第二十五、亲属称呼1. daughter (女儿)2. niece (女性晚辈)3. nephew (男

2、性晚辈)4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹)5. aunt (女性长辈)6. uncle (男性长辈)六、以下动词加-ed 或-ing 要双写最后一个字母1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿6. refer (referred, referring) 提到7. forget (fo

3、rgetting ) 忘记8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）七、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅5. freeze (froze, froze

4、n) 结冰6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)7. lie lied lied 说谎; lielay-lain躺下 lay-laid- laid 放置8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉12. spread (spread, spread) 传播13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎16. wear( wor

5、e; worn) 穿/戴17. hold (held, held )18. make (made, made)19. keep (kept, kept)八、意思相近的词1. check （核对）/ examine(检查)/ test（测试）2. receive（收到） / accept（接受）3. destroy （毁坏；毁灭）/ damage（破坏）4. celebrate(庆祝)/ congratulate（祝贺）5. wear sth / dress sb 穿衣九、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化1. longlength 长度2. widewidth 宽度3. highheight 高度4

6、. strongstrength力量以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或edpicnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐十、个别名词的复数拼写1. German (Germans) 德国人2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕roof (roofs) 房顶4. hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化1.succeedsuccess成功2. pronouncepronunciat

7、ion 发音3 . explainexplanation解释4. decidedecision 决定5. enterentrance进入6. permitpermission 允许7. considerconsideration 考虑8. expectexpectation 期待9. discoverdiscovery 发现10. buryburial 埋葬11. concludeconclusion 得出结论12. arrivearrival 到达13. weighweight 重量14. describedescription 描述15. loseloss 损失16. anxious-an

8、xiety 焦虑十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化1. beautiful美丽的beautifully2. possible可能的possibly3. practical实际的practically4. particular特别的particularly5. successful成功的successfully常用英汉互译知识1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spr

9、ing Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18.

10、 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 诗经：The Book of Songs29. 素质教育：Essenti

11、al-qualities-oriented Education30. 史记：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 西游记：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Years Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pott

12、ery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilizat

13、ion and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：Tai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷：Spring R

14、oll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞：Com

15、patriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 水浒：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）：The Four Treasure of the Study Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone。其它必背单词1. abroad 国外2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.)3. accept 接受)4. accident 事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的，