美国合同法概述.docx

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1、标签： 分类：法规公约条约诉讼仲裁公证美国合同法杂谈CONTRACTS1981美国合同法CONTENT目录（共十六章385条）CHAPTER 1 MEANING OF TERMS第一章 合同条款的含义CHAPTER 2 FORMATION OF CONTRATCTSPARTIES AND CAPACITY第二章合同的订立一一当事人及其缔约能力CHAPTER 3 FORMATION OF CONTRACTSMUTUAL ASSENT第三章合同的订立一一意思表示一致CHAPTER 4 FORMATION OF CONTRACTS-CONSIDERATION第四章合同的订立一一约因CHAPTER 5

2、 THE STATUTE OF FRAUDS第五章 防止欺诈条例CHAPTER 6 MISTAKE第六章 错误CHAPTER 7 MISREPRESENTATION, DURESS AND UNDUE INFLUENCE第七章虚假的意思表示，胁迫以及不当影响CHAPTER 8 UNENFORCEABILITY ON GROUNDS OF PUBLIC POLICY第八章合同因公共政策而不可执行CHAPTER 9 THE SCOPE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS第九章合同义务的范围CHAPTER 10 PERFORMANCE AND NON-PERFORMANCE第十章合

3、同的履行与不履行CHAPTER 11 IMPRACTICABILITY OF PERFORMANCE ANDFRUSTRATION OF PURPOSE第十一章 履行不能和履行目的落空CHAPTER 12 DISCHARGE BY ASSET OR ALTERATION第十二章双方合意或变更合同以解除合同义务CHAPTER 13 JOINT AND SEVERAL PROMISORS AND PROMISEES第十三章 连带允诺人和受允诺人CHAPTER 14 CONTRACT BENEFICIARIES 第十四章 合同受益人CHAPTER 15 ASSGINEMNT AND DELEGATO

4、N第十五章 合同权利的转让与合同义务的转托CHAPTER 16 REMEDIES第十六章 违约救济Chapter 1 MEANING OF TERMS第一章 合同条款的含义 1 CONTRACT DEFINED 合同定义A contract is a promise or a set of promises for the breach of which the law gives a remedy, or theperformance of which the law in some way recognizes as a duty.合同指的是一个允诺或一组允诺，如果违反此允诺，则法律给与救

5、济；如果其履行了允诺，则法律以某种方式将其视为一项义务。 2 PROMISE; PROMISOR; PROMISEE.允诺；允诺人；受允诺人(1) A promise is a manifestation of intention to act or refrain from acting in a specified way, somade as to justify a promisee in understanding that a commitment has been made.允诺就是以特定方式实施或禁止实施某种行为的意思表示，这种意思表示使受允诺人正当地认为一个允诺己经作出。(2

6、) The person manifesting the intention is the promisor.作出该意思表示的人是允诺人(3) The person to whom the manifestation is addressed is the promisee.该意思表示所指向的人为受允诺人。(4) Where performance will benefits a person other than the promisee, that person is beneficiary.如果该允诺的履行使除受允诺人之外的他人获利，则该人为受益人。 3 AGREEMENT DEFINE

7、D; BARGAIN DEFINED 协议的定义;An agreement is a manifestation of mutual assent on the part of two or more persons. A bargainis an agreement to exchange promises or to exchange a promise for a performance or toexchange performances.交易磋商约定的定义一个协议就是两个或两个以上的人一致的意思表示。一个交易磋商约定是为允诺与允诺之间的交换，或为允诺与义务履行的交换，或为义务履行之间

8、的交换而达成的协议。 4 How a Promise May Be Made 允诺如何作出A promise may be stated in words either oral or written, or may be inferred w holly or partly fromconduct.一个允诺可以用口头言词或书面文字作出，也可以完全或部分地从行为中推断而得。 5 Terms of Promise, Agreement, or Contract 允诺，协议或合同的条件(1) A term of promise or agreement is that portion of the

9、 intention or assent manifested whichrelates to a particular matter.允诺或协议的条件就是当事人就特定的事项表示了部分的缔约意图或对缔约的赞同。(2) A term of contract is that portion of the legal relations resulting from the promise or set ofpromises which relates to a particular matter, whether or not the parties manifest an intention t

10、ocreate those relations.合同的条件就是由于当事人就特定事项作出了一个或一系列的允诺，由此引起他们之间部分法律关系的存在，不管当事人是否作出意思表示要建立这些法律关系。 6 Formal Contracts 要式合同The following types of contracts are subject in some respects to special rules that depend ontheir formal characteristics and differ from those governing contracts in general:下列类型的合

11、同根据其形式上的特征，在某些方面受不同于一般合同规则的法律规则的调整: Contracts under seal,盖印合同(2) Recognizances,保证书(3) Negotiable instruments and documents,.可流通票据和单据(4) Letters of credit 信用证 7 Voidable contracts 可撤消的合同A voidable contract is one where one or more parties have the power, by a manifestation ofelection to do so, to avo

12、id the legal relations created by the contract, or by ratification ofthe contract to extinguish the power of avoidance.如果合同的一方或多方当事人有权通过意思表示，或通过订立一个取消撤消权的合同，撤消该合同己经建立的法律关系，则该合同为可撤消的合同。 8 Unenforceable Contracts不能强制执行的合同An unenforceable contract is one for the breach of which neither the remedy of da

13、mages nor theremedy of specific performance is available, but which is recognized in some other way ascreating a duty of performance, though there has been no ratification.不可强制执行的合同是指这样一种合同，即违反该合同导致损害赔偿救济和强制履行救济均不可适用，但是却被认为是以其他方式创设了并没有获得认可的履行义务。Chapter 2 FORMATION OF CONTRATCTSPARTIES AND CAPACITY第二

14、章合同的订立一一当事人及其缔约能力 9 Parties Required 合同当事人There must be at least two parties to a contract, a promisor and a promisee, but there may beany greater number.合同必须至少有两个当事人，即允诺人和受允诺人，但是也可以有两个以上更多的当事人。 10 Multiple Promisors and Promisees of the Same Performance针对同一项履行的多个允诺人和受允诺人(1) Where there are more pro

15、misors than one in a contract, some or all of them may promisethe same performance, whether or not there are also promises for separate performances.如果一个合同中有多个允诺人，则部分或全部的允诺人可以就同一项履行作出允诺，不管他们是否就个别的义务履行作出允诺。(2) Where there are more promises than one in a contract, a promise may be made to some or allof them as a unit, whether or not the same or another performance is separately promised toone or more of them.如果一个合同中不只有一个允诺，则部分或全部的允诺人可以一个单位作出允诺，不管相同或另外的履行义务是否被单独地对一个或一个以上的允诺人允诺。 11 When a Person May Be Both Promisor and Promisee何时允诺人和受允诺人可以同为一人A contra