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1、Pub1ishedin2023bytheUnitedNationsEducationa1,ScientificandCu1tura1Organization(UNESCO),1,p1acedeFontenoy,75352Paris07SP1FranceandtheIUCN,Internationa1UnionforConservationofNatureandNatura1Resources,RueMauvemey28,1196G1and,Switzer1and.OUNESCOandIUCN2023ISBN:978-92-3-100557-2DOI:10.3929ethz-b-00057891
2、6Thispub1icationisavai1ab1einOpenAccessundertheAttributionShareAIike3.0IGO(CC-BY-SA3.0IGO)1icense(http:/creativecommons.org/1icenses/by-sa3.0/iqo/).Byusingthecontentofthispub1ication,theusersaccepttobeboundbythetermsofuseoftheUNESCOOpenAccessRepository(http:/WWW.unesco.or/OPenaccesstermsuseccbvsaen)
3、.Thedesignationsemp1oyedandthepresentationofmateria1throughoutthispub1icationdonotimp1ytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofUNESCOandIUCNconcerningthe1ega1statusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthede1imitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Theideasandopinionsexpre
4、ssedinthispub1icationarethoseoftheauthors;theyarenotnecessari1ythoseofUNESCOanddonotcommittheOrganization.Suggestedcitation:UNESCO,IUCN,2023:Wor1dHeritageG1aciers:Sentine1sOfc1imatechange,Paris,UNESCO;G1and,IUCN.Imagesandfiguresmarkedwithanasterisk(*)donotfa11undertheCC-BY-SA1icenseandmaynotbeusedor
5、reproducedwithoutthepriorpermissionofthecopyrightho1der.Contributors:Ta1esCarva1hoResendeandMikhai1Stepanov(UNESCO);Jean-BaptisteBossonandMatthewEms1ie-Smith(IUCN);Danie1FarinottizRomainHugonnetandMatthiasHuss(ETHZurich/SwissFedera1InstituteforForestSnowand1andscapeResearch)andEtienneBerthier(1EGOS/
6、CNRS).ProofreaderJi11GastonAcknow1edgments:RobbertCasier,GuyDebonnet,DorineDuboisz1azare日OUndoUAssomo,MariaGropa,SusannaKari,Ani1Mishra,No1waziMjwara,ErnestoOttoneRamire乙RichardVei11onGraphicdesign:ScienseedandPhi1ippe1aubyThispub1icationisacontributiontotheUNESCOFutureKeeperscampaign(httpswhc.unesc
7、o.orenfuturekeepers)madepossib1ebytheAustra1ianGovernment.Aut11n(mvrnm*ntShortsummary1imitingg1oba1warmingto1.5cou1dsaveg1aciersintwo-thirdsofWor1dHeritagesitesG1aciersarecrucia1sourcesof1ifeonEarthastheyprovidevita1waterresourcestoha1fofhumanityfordomesticuse,agricu1tureandhydropower.Theyarea1sosac
8、redp1acesformany1oca1communitiesandattractmi11ionsoftouristsg1oba11y.G1adersaresomeofthemostva1uab1eindicatorsforunderstandingc1imatechange.AmongthemostdramaticevidencethatEarthsc1imateiswarmingistheretreatanddisappearanceOfg1aciersaroundthewor1d.C1ose1yobservingandquantifyingthisphenomenonisessenti
9、a1todeve1opeffectiveadaptationresponses.Around18,600g1aciershavebeenidentifiedin50Wor1dHeritagesites.Theseg1aciersspananareaofabout66,000km2,representinga1most10%oftheEarth,sg1aderizedarea.Researchstudiesperformedwithsate11itedatahigh1ightthattheseg1aciershavebeenretreatingatanacce1eratingratesince2
10、000.Wor1dHeritageg1aciers1oseonaveragesome58bi11iontonnesoficeeveryyear-equiva1enttothetota1annua1vo1umeofwaternsumedinFranceandSpaintogethen-andcontributetoa1most5%ofg1oba1observedsea-1eve1rise.Projectionsindicatethatg1aciersinone-thirdofWor1dHeritageg1acierizedsiteswi11disappearby2050regard1essoft
11、heapp1iedc1imatescenarioandg1aciersinaroundha1fofa11sitescou1da1mostentire1ydisappearby2100inabusiness-as-usua1emissionsscenario.Themostimportantprotectivemeasuretocounteractsubstantia1g1acierretreatwor1dwideistodrastica11yreducegreenhousegasemissions.Ifemissionsaredrastica11ycutto1imitg1oba1warming
12、to1.5re1ativetopre-industria11eve1s,g1aciersintwo-thirdsofWor1dHeritageSitescou1dbesaved.Atsite1eve1,adaptativemeasuresneedtobestrengthenedtorespondtoinevitab1eg1acierchangesinthenearfuture.Theseinc1udeidentifyingknow1edgegapsandimprovingmoringnetworks,designingandimp1ementingear1ywarninganddisaster
13、riskreductionmeasures,makingg1aciersafocusOftargetedpo1icy,andpromotingknow1edgeexchange,stakeho1derengagementandcommunication.Thesuccessfu1imp1ementationofthesemeasuresrequiresthemobi1izationofkeystakeho1ders(e.g.,governments,civi1society,IndigenousPeop1es,1oca1communitiesandtheprivatesector)todeve
14、1opsustainab1efinancingandinvestments,notab1ythroughtheestab1ishmentofaninternationa1fundforg1acierresearchandmonitoring.Suesco,Sincewarsbegininthemindsofmenandwomen,itisinthemindsofmenandwomenthatthedefencesofpeacemustbeconstructed.,unescoWor1dHeritageG1aciersSentine1sofc1imatechangeContentsShortSu
15、mmary4Wor1dHeritageg1aciers:keystonesof1ife61.1 Thecritica1importanceofg1aciersforsustaining1ifeonEarth61.2 Thedynamicsofg1aciers71.3 Wor1dHeritagesites:hostingsomeofthep1anetsmosticonicg1aciers10Wor1dHeritageg1aciersinachangingc1imate162.1 G1aciersinawarmingc1imate162.2 Significanticemass1ossandsea
16、-1eve1riseintheear1y21stcentury172.3 Wor1dHeritageg1aciers*acce1eratedme1ting222.4 DisappearingWor1dHeritageg1aciers231imitingg1oba1warmingto1.5:acritica1actiontoprotectWor1dHeritageg1aciers25!Conc1usion29References30K1Re1evantUNESCOpo1icies,strategiesandguide1inesonWor1dHeritage,g1aciersandc1imateaction32HuascaranNationa1Park(Peru)TainahNarducci.,Shutters
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