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1、尖峰眼科wi11s手册第十二章葡萄膜炎第一节前葡萄膜炎(虹膜炎/虹膜睫状体炎)郝晓军(整理)打杂组Chapter12Uveitis第十二章葡萄膜炎12.1AnteriorUveitis(Iritis/Iridocyc1itis)第一节前葡萄膜炎(虹膜炎/虹膜睫状体炎)Symptoms【症状】1、Acute:Pain,rednesszphotophobia,consensua1photophobia(painintheaffectedeyewhena1ightisshoneinthefe11oweye),excessivetearing,decreasedvision.1急性期眼痛;眼红;畏光或
2、交感性畏光,即光照对侧眼时,患眼发生疼痛;大量溢泪;视力下降。2、Chronic:Decreasedvision(fromvitreousdebriszcystoidmacu1aredema(CME)zorcataract).Mayhaveperiodsofexacerbationsandremissionswithfewacutesymptomse.g.juveni1eidiopathic(rheumatoid)arthritis(JIA/JRA).2.慢性期视力下降,由玻璃体碎屑、黄斑囊样水肿、或白内障造成。可有急性期症状的加重时期和缓解时期,如青少年性特发性(类风湿性)关节炎(JIAJR
3、A)。Signs【体征】Critica1.Ce11sandf1areintheanteriorchamber,ci1iaryf1ushzkeraticprecipitates(KP)主要体征:房水细胞和房水闪辉,睫状充血,角膜后沉着物(KP)。-Fine(nSteIIaten;typica11ycoversentirecornea1endothe1iurn):herpetic,Fuchsheterochromiciridocyc1itis(FHIC),cytomega1ovirus(CMV)retinitis,others.1细小KP星状的,弥漫性分布于全角膜内皮层。见于疱疹病毒感染、Fuch
4、s虹膜异色性虹膜睫状体炎(FH1C)、巨细胞病毒性(CMV)视网膜炎等。-Sma11,nongranu1omatous:H1A-B27associated,trauma,masqueradezJIAzG1aucomatocyc1iticcrisis,anda11ofthegranuIomatousentities.2,小的非肉芽肿性KP见于人类白细胞抗原(H1A)-B27相关性葡萄膜炎、眼夕M穷、青少年性特发性(类风湿性)关节炎JIA、伪装综合征、青光眼睫状体炎综合征和所有的肉芽肿性疾病。-Granu1omatousKP:1arge,greasy(mutton-fat”;most1yoninf
5、eriorcornea):sarcoidosis,syphi1is,tubercu1osis,1ens-inducedzVogt-Koyanagi-Harada(VKH)syndrome,others.3,肉芽肿性KP大的、羊脂状KP,最常见于下方角膜。见于结节病、梅毒、结核、人工晶体诱发的葡萄膜炎、Vogt-小柳-原田(Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada,VHK)综合征等。Other.【其他体征】1owintraocu1arpressure(IOP)morecommon1yseen(secondarytosecretoryhypotonyoftheci1iarybody),1低眼压更多
6、见。继发于睫状体的分泌减少。e1evatedIOPcanoccur(e.g.zherpetic,1ens-inducedzFHICzPosner-Sch1ossmansyndrome),2 .眼压升高常见于疱疹病毒感染、人工晶体诱发的葡萄膜炎、FUChS虹膜异色性虹膜睫状体炎和Posner-Sch1ossman综合征。fibrin(H1A-B27orendophtha1mitis),3 .前房内纤维素性渗出见于H1A-B27相关性葡萄膜炎或眼内炎。hypopyon(H1A-B27,Behetdisease,infectiousendophtha1mitis,rifabutiztumor),4
7、.前房积脓见于H1A-B27相关性葡萄膜炎、Behcet病、感染性眼内炎、服用利福布汀(抗结核药)、眼内肿瘤。irisnodu1es(sarcoidosis,syphi1is,tubercu1osis),5 .虹膜结节见于结节病、梅毒、结核。irisatrophy(herpetic),6 ,虹膜萎缩见于疱疹病毒感染。irisheterochromia,(FHIC)z7 .虹膜异色症见于Fuchs虹膜异色性虹膜睫状体炎。irissynechiae(especia11yH1A-B27zsarcoidosis)(seeFigure12.1.1)r8,虹膜粘连特别是H1A-B27相关性葡萄膜炎、结节病
8、。见图12.1.1。bandkeratopathy(especia11yJIAinyoungerpatients,anychronicuveitisino1der),9 .带状角膜病变特别是年幼的青少年性特发性(类风湿性)关节炎(JIA)患者、慢性葡萄膜炎的老年患者。uveitisina“quieteye”(considerJIAzFH1C,masqueradesyndromes),10 .安静眼的葡萄膜炎见于青少年性特发性(类风湿性)关节炎、FUChS虹膜异色性虹膜睫状体炎、伪装综合征。CME.I1黄斑囊样水肿(CME)。Differentia1Diagnosis【鉴别诊断】-Posteri
9、oruveitiswithspi11overintotheanteriorchamber:Main1yf1oatersanddecreasedvision,positivefudoscopicfindings.See12.3zPosteriorUveitis.1.后葡萄膜炎的渗出溢入前房患者主诉有眼前黑影、视力下降,眼底检查可见阳性体征。参见本章第三节后葡萄膜炎。-Traumaticiritis.See3.5,TraumaticIritis.2 .夕M穷性虹膜炎参见第三章第五节夕M穷性虹膜炎。-Posner-Sch1ossmansyndrome:Recurrentepisodesofveryh
10、ighIOPandminima1inf1ammation.See9.8zG1aucomatocyc1iticCrisis/Posner-Sch1ossmanSyndrome.3 .Posner-Sch1ossman综合征反复发作;眼压升高,多在40mmHg以上,炎症征象轻微;前房角镜检查见前房角开放;角膜水肿、有细小KP;瞳孔中度散大、固定。参见第九章第八节青光眼睫状体炎综合征/Posner-Sch1ossman综合征。-Drug-induceduveitis(e.g.zrifabutin,cidofovirzSu1fonamides1pamidronate).4.药物性葡萄膜炎如全身应用利福
11、布汀、西多福韦(抗巨细胞病毒药)、磺胺药、帕米瞬酸钠(用于抑制骨的再吸收)等。-Sc1erouveitis:Uveitissecondarytosc1eritis;typica11ypresentswithprofoundpain.5,巩膜葡萄膜炎葡萄膜炎继发于巩膜炎,常表现为剧烈疼痛。-C1ARE(contact1ens-associatedredeye):Redeye,corneaIedema1epithe1ia1defects,iritishypopyonznostroma1infi1trates.6角膜接触镜相关性红眼(C1ARE)眼红、角膜水肿、上皮缺损、虹膜炎,有或无前房积脓,无角
12、膜基质浸润。-Infectiouskeratouveitis:Cornea1infi1trateispresent.See4.11,Bacteria1Keratitis.7.感染性角膜葡萄膜炎有明确的角膜外伤或角膜接触镜戴用史,有角膜浸润的表现。参见第四章第十一节细菌性角膜炎。-Infectiousendophtha1mitis:Historyofrecentsurgery,pain,hypopyon,fibrinzvitritis,decreasedvision,redeyezhistoryoftrauma;mayhaveendogenoussourcewithfever,e1evatedw
13、hitecount.See12.13112.14z12.15and12.16Endophtha1mitissections.8.感染性眼内炎有近期手术或夕附史,表现为疼痛、前房积脓、纤维蛋白渗出、玻璃体炎、视力下降、眼红等;也可以是内源性感染,伴有发热和白细胞计数升高。参见本章第十三节-第十六节眼内炎部分。-Schwartzsyndrome:Anteriorchamberpigmentre1easedfromchronicretina1detachmentresu1tingine1evatedIOP.9.Schwartz综合征慢性视网膜脱离造成前房色素反应和眼压升高,锯齿缘截离。-Tumor:
14、e.g.zretinob1astomainchi1dren,intraocu1ar1ymphomaine1der1yzmetastaticdiseaseina11ages,others.10.肿瘤儿童期常见视网膜母细胞瘤,中老年人眼内淋巴瘤多发,以及各个年龄段均可发生的转移性肿瘤等。-Pseudouveitisfrompigmentdispersionsyndromes.11.色素播撒综合征造成的假性葡萄膜炎。Etio1ogy【病因学】Acute-急性前葡萄膜炎-Idiopathic.1,特发性原因不明。-H1A-B27-associateduveitis:Systemicassociatio
15、nsinc1udeanky1osingspondy1itis,Reitersyndrome,psoriaticarthritis,inf1ammatorybowe1disease.2 .H1A-B27相关性葡萄膜炎全身表现包括强直性脊柱炎、Reiter综合征、银屑病关节炎、炎症性肠病。NoteBi1atera1recurrenta1ternatinganterioruveitisisverycharacteristicofH1A-B27uveitis.注:双眼的交替出现的复发性前葡萄膜炎是H1A-B27相关性葡萄膜炎的特征表现。-1ens-induceduveitis:Oftenseconda
16、rytoincomp1etecataractextraction,traumawith1enscapsu1edamage,orhypermaturecataract.3 .晶状体性葡萄膜炎通常继发于白内障囊外摘除不完全、外伤性晶状体囊膜受损伤、或过熟期白内障。-Postoperativeiritis:Anteriorchamberinf1ammationfo11owingintraocu1arsurgery.Endophtha1mitismustbeconsideredifsevereinf1ammationandpain.See12.14fChronicPostoperativeUveitis.4 .手术后虹膜炎前房炎症出现于内眼手术后。若反应严重