外语学习专题之经济类词汇.docx

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1、外语学习专题之经济类词汇economist经济学家socia1isteconomy社会主义经济capita1isteconomy资本主义经济co11ectiveeconomy集体经济p1annedeconomy计划经济contro11edeconomy管制经济rura1economics农村经济1ibera1economy自由经济mixedeconomy混合经济po1itica1economy政治经济学protectionism保护主义autarchy闭关自守Primarysector初级成分privatesector私营成分,私营部门pub1icsector公共部门,公共成分economic

2、channe1s经济渠道economicba1ance经济平衡economicf1uctuation经济波动economicdepression经济衰退economicstabi1ity经济稳定economicpo1icy经济政策economicrecovery经济复原understanding约定concentration集中ho1dingcompany控股公司trust托拉斯carte1卡特尔rateofgrowth增长economictrend经济趋势economicsituation经济形势infrastructure基本建设standardOf1iving生活标准,生活水平purch

3、asingpower,buyingpower购买力scarcity短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdeve1opment不发达underdeve1oped不发达的deve1oping发展中的nitia1capita1创办资本frozencapita1冻结资金frozenassets冻结资产fixedassets固定资产rea1estate不动产,房地产circu1atingcapita1,workingcapita1流动资本avai1ab1ecapita1可用资产capita1goods资本货物reserve准备金,储备金ca11ingupofcapita1催缴资本a11o

4、cationoffunds资金分配contributionoffunds资金捐献workingcapita1fund周转基金revo1vingfund循环基金,周转性基金contingencyfund意外开支,准备金reservefund准备金bufferfund缓冲基金,平准基金sinkingfund偿债基金investment投资,资产investor投资人se1f-financing自筹经费,经费自给bank银行currentaccount经常帐户（美作:CheCkingaCCoUnt）current-accountho1der支票帐户（美作:CheCking-accountho1der

5、）cheque支票（美作:CheCk）bearercheque,chequepayab1etobearer无记名支票,来人支票crossedcheque划线支票trave11erscheque旅行支票chequebook支票簿,支票本（美作:CheCkbook）endorsement背书transfer转让,转帐,过户money货币issue发行readymoney现钱cash现金readymoneybusiness,nocreditgiven现金交易,概不赊欠change零钱banknote,note钞票,纸币（美作:bi11）topay（in）cash付现金domesticcurrency

6、,1oca1currency本国货币convertibi1ity可兑换性convertib1ecurrencies可自由兑换货币exchangerate汇率,兑换率foreignexchange外汇f1oatingexchangerate浮动汇率freeexchangerates自由汇兑市场foreignexchangecertificate夕卜7匚兑换券hardcurrency硬通货specu1ation投机saving储装,存款depreciation减价,贬值deva1uation（货币）贬值reva1uation重估价runawayinf1ation无法控制的通货膨胀def1ation

7、通货紧缩capita1f1ight资本外逃securitiesbusiness证券市场stockexchange股票市场stockexchangecorporation证券交易所StOCkeXChange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation报价,牌价share股份,股票shareho1der,stockho1der股票持有人,股东dividend股息,红利cashdividend现金配股stockinvestment股票投资investmenttrust投资信托stock-jobber股票经纪人stockcompany,stockbrokeragefirm证券公司securities有价证

8、券share,commonstock普通股preferencestock优先股incomegain股利收入issue发行股票parva1ue股面价格，票面价格bu11买手，多头bear卖手,空头assigned过户openingprice开盘c1osingprice收盘hardtimes低潮businessrecession景气衰退do1drums景气停滞du11盘整ease松弛raising1imit涨停板break暴跌bond,debenture债券Wa11Street华尔街shortterm1oan短期贷款1ongterm1oan长期贷款mediumterm1oan中期贷款Iender债

9、权人creditor债权人debtor债务人,借方borrower借方,借款人borrowing借款interest利息rateofinterest利率discount贴现,折扣rediscount再贴现annuity年金maturity到期日,偿还日amortization摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押a11otment拨款shorttermcredit短期信贷conso1idateddebt合并债务fundeddebt固定债务,长期债务f1oatingdebt流动债务drawing提款,提存aid援助a11owance,grant,s

10、ubsidy补贴,补助金,津贴cost成本,费用expenditure,outgoings开支,支出fixedcosts固定成本overheadcosts营业间接成本overheads杂项开支,间接成本operatingcosts生产费用,营业成本operatingexpenses营业费用runningexpenses日常费用,经营费用misce11aneouscosts杂项费用overheadexpenses间接费用,管理费用upkeepcosts,maintenancecosts维修费用,养护费用transportcosts运输费用socia1charges社会负担费用contingent

11、expenses,contingencies或有费用apportionmentofexpenses分摊费用income收入,收益earnings利润,收益grossincome,grossearnings总收入,总收益grossprofit,grossbenefit毛利,总利润,利益毛额netincome纯收益,净收入,收益净额averageincome平均收入nationa1income国民收入profitabi1ity,profitearningcapacity利润率,赢利率yie1d产量收益,收益率increaseinva1ue,appreciation增值,升值duty税taxatio

12、nsystem税制taxation征税,纳税fisca1charges财务税收progressivetaxation累进税制graduatedtax累进税va1ueaddedtax增值税incometax所得税1andtax地租,地价税excisetax特许权税basisOfassessment估税标准taxab1eincome须纳税的收入fisca1ity检查tax-free免税的taxexemption免税taxpayer纳税人taxco11ector收税员人均国民生产总值perspitaGNP产值outputva1ue鼓励giveincentiveto投入input宏观控制exercis

13、emacro-contro1优化经济结构optimizetheeconomicstructure输入活力bringvigorinto改善经济环境improveeconomicenvironment整顿经济秩序rectifyeconomicorder有效地控制通货膨胀effective1ycontro1inf1ation非公有成分non-pub1icsectors主要成分dominantsector实在的tangib1e全体会议p1enarysession解放生产力1iberate/unshack1e/re1easetheproductiveforces引入歧途IeadOnetOabIinda1

14、Iey举措move实事求是seektruthfromfacts引进、输入importation和平演变peacefu1evo1ution试一下haveago(atsth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制fami1y-contractresponsibi1itysystem搞活企业invigorateenterprises商品经济commodityeconomy基石cornerstone零售retai1发电量e1ectricenergyproduction有色金属nonferrousmeta1s人均收入percapitaincome使负担besadd1edwith营业

15、发达的公司goingconcerns被兼并或挤掉annexedorforcedoutofbusiness善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessivegrowth抽样调查datafromthesamp1esurvey扣除物价上涨部分priceincreasearededucted(exc1uded)实际增长率actua1growthrate国际收支internationa1ba1anceofpayments流通制度circu1ationsystem总工资tota1wages分配形式formsofdistribution风险资金riskfunds管理不善poormanagement农业farming林业forestry畜牧业anima1husbandry副业s