笔友书信见证英国发展史.docx

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1、The jury system offers clues to managers everywherejury SVStem 陪审制电空线索，迹象；线索，提示；提示词语，解答提示；ClUe的更数 陪审制度为各地的管理人员指点迷津Meetings absorb more time and drain morale mar :1 more consistently than any other corporate activity. Before the pandemic managers were spending an average of 23 hours a week in meeting

2、s. Since then the barriers baez to calling people together have come down. Now that calendars kaehndarz are routinely shared, an empty diary slot attracts invitations like picnics do wasps waspsabsorb吸收；使并入；吞并；同化;理解;掌握morale 士气barriers屏障;障碍物；障碍；Come down下降，降低;落下;降落 routinely常规地；例行地；通常地WaSUS黄蜂；胡蜂;was

3、p的复数 与其他任何公司活动相比，开会都更耗时间和精力。在疫情之前，管理人员平均每周花23 个小时开会。自疫情爆发之后，把人们召集在一起开会的障碍就减少了很多。因为我们只需 定期共享会议日程和链接（而无需再实际召集所有人），如此一来，一个空的日记槽就会吸 引更多的会议邀约，就像野餐吸引黄蜂一样。Ideas abound baund for how to make meetings better. Make people stand up, so they cannot settle in for the long haul. Write a memo on the topic at hand

4、that everyone silently reads together at the outset.abound v大量；大量存在;有许多Stand UP站；立；站立经得起检验，能够成立；爽约，放 的鸽子SettIe in习惯；适应long haul费时费力的工作memo备忘录at hand在手边，在附近，即将来临at the OUtSet在开始时/从一开始 如何让会议更高效？答案不胜枚举。例如，让与会人员相互争论，这样他们就不会长时间处 于放松状态。就手头的话题写一份备忘录，让大家在会议伊始一起默读。Toss tDs a ball to each other to make it cle

5、ar who has the floor and to stop the loudmouths from dominating. Most desperately of all, set aside time at the start for “fun ” .dominating个性强势的;左右他人的;支配；控制；左右；影响；在中具有最重要的特 色;在中拥有最重要的位置；俯视；高耸于；dominate的现在分词 the floor dsfbg 地板;扫地;地面;发言;在地板上desperately拼命地;绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地;猛烈地SetaSide留作之用；留出.用于；放弃；置于不顾掷球

6、决定谁有发言权，并阻止那些大嘴巴控制局面。最重要的是，在会议开始的时候留出一 些时间来“娱乐一下”。Yet there is a form of meeting that reliably labli results in good decisions and that commands kama:nd general respect, even reverence revrs. That meeting is the jury. Any system in which people still believe after more than 800 years is worth a clos

7、er look. In its broad principles, if not in its details, it has five lessons for meeting-throwers ruz and meeting-goers ,gaz.reliably 可靠地 COmmandS kammd VN （not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时） 应得；博得；值得reverence尊敬；崇敬throwers r9U9z投掷运动员HoerS COMB in N-COUNT （用于theatre, church, film等词之后构成名词）表示“常

8、去的人” 然而，有一种会议形式能够可靠地产生正确的决定，并赢得普遍的尊重，甚至尊敬，那就是 陪审制度。任何人们在800多年后仍然信服的制度都值得仔细研究。一般而言（不探其细节）， 它为会议组织者和与会者提供了如下五条建议。First, its purpose is clear. Why are we here?” is a question that humans grapple with not just in the depth of their souls but also during most Zoom calls. No jury doubts the point of its e

9、xistence, the nature of its task or the need for multiple people to be involved. That level of shared understanding is something to aspire to in other settings.in the depth Of 在.的深处（说明）in the depth Of 中的 depth 除了和 winter night 或 country 等固定搭配用作单数外，其他一般用作复数。首先，会议目的要明确。“我们为什么要开会?”这不仅是一个挣扎在人们内心深处的问题， 还

10、是在大多数网络会议中都会被问及的问题。然而陪审团不会怀疑会议存在的意义、其任务 的性质或需要多人参与的必要性。我们渴望其他场合也能达成这种程度的共识。Second, its size is right. The 12-person formula dates back to 12th-century England and the reign rein of Henry II. Temporary courts known as assizes sazz） summoned this number of men to hear land disputes.date back to回溯至reig

11、n ;君主统治时期；任期；当政期ht正好的:恰当的:右边的 known as被称为；被认为是；以而闻名assizes巡回法庭；assize的复数 SUmmoned传唤,传讯；召唤；召集，召开；SlImmOn的过去分词和过去式 hearVERB （法官或法庭）审理（案件），听取（证词）其次,会议规模要适中。12人的团队模式可以追溯到12世纪的英格兰和亨利二世统治时期。 彼时，被称为巡回法庭的临时法庭召集了 12个人来审理土地纠纷。It has largely stuck ever since. For good reason. More people would add voices, but

12、not value. Fewer people would mean less diversity da,v3isti of views. The advantages of keeping meeting numbers tight are not lost on Jeff Bezos, who operated a two-pizza rule at Amazon to limit how many people were in a meeting. The one-jury rule works just as well.For goOd reason 善意地 iust as WeIl

13、也样be IOSt On Sb 未被某人理解（或注意）to be not understood or noticed by sb从那以后，人数基本上一直没有变过，颇具优势。因为更多的人只会增加声音而非有价值的 东西.而人数再少的话，能收集到的观点就非常有限了。杰夫贝佐斯意识到了会议人数紧 凑的优势，在亚马逊经营运作实行了 “两个披萨”的原则，以限制参加会议的人数。一个陪 审团的规则同样奏效。The third lesson concerns the agenda. Jurors dgrar have one, very important, question to consider, and

14、a limited number of choices to make. Clarity keeps people focused. No juror is likely to suggest backing up a bit in order to brainstorm what the criminal-justice system should look like.agenda议程;议程表;议事日程;agendum的复数辿立陪审团成员；陪审员 back UP支持；后退；证实；备份；将付诸实施；证实.的说法；倒车;堵塞；倒行 a bit 一会儿一点in OrdertO为了 ;以便;目的在于

15、；要想brainstorm头脑风暴；突然神志不清第三条建议与议程有关。陪审员们有非常重要的问题要考虑，但选择有限。议程清嘶能够让 人们保持专注。没有一个陪审员可能会建议回头探讨案件，以集思广益地讨论刑事司法系统 应该是什么样子。And whereas many pundits ,pdt advise keeping meetings short, time is not a constraint: jury members do not leave until a decision is made. Putting a pin in it “ is just not an option.PUn

16、dit行家；权威；专家COnStraint限制；限定；约束；严管尽管许多专家建议缩短会议时间，但时间并不是一个限制因素：陪审团成员在做出决定之前 不会离开。“暂时搁置”并非良策，实不可取。The fourth lesson is about membership. Jurors are less prone to groupthink than the attendees aetendi: of the average meeting. Prospective members are deliberately drawn from a wide pool, and anyone whose mind is already made up i