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1、中华人民共和国民法典Civi1CodeofthePeop1esRepub1icofChina(2023年5月28日第十三届全国人民代表大会第三次会议通过)(AdoptedattheThirdSessionoftheThirteenthNationa1Peop1e,sCongressonMay28,2023)笫一编总则1BookOne:Genera1Part1第一章基本规定IChapterI:Genera1Provisions1第二章自然人3ChapterII:Natura1Persons3第三章法人16ChapterIII:1ega1Persons16第四章非法人组织28Chapter IV
2、:UnincorporatedOrganizations28第五章民事权利29Chapter V :Civi1-1awRights29第六章民事法律行为34ChapterVI:Civi1JuristicActs34第七章代理41ChapterVII:Agency41第八章民事责任46ChapterVIII:Civi11iabi1ity46第九章诉讼时效49Chapter IX :1imitationofAction49第十章期间计算53Chapter X :CountingofPeriodsofTime53第一编总则BookOne:Genera1Part第一章基本规定ChapterI:Gene
3、ra1Provisions第一条【立法目的】为了保护民事主体的合法权益,调整民事关系,维护社会和经济秩序,适应中国特色社会主义发展要求,弘扬社会主义核心价值观,根据宪法,制定本法。Artic1e1This1awisformu1atedinaccordancewiththeConstitutionofthePeop1e,sRepub1icofChinaforthepurposesofprotectingthe1awfu1rightsandinterestsofthepersonsofthecivi11aw,regu1atingcivi1-1awre1ations,maintainingsocia
4、1andeconomicorder,meettheneedsfordeve1opingsocia1ismwithChinesecharacteristics,andcarryingforwardthecoresocia1istva1ues.第二条【调整范围】民法调整平等主体的自然人、法人和非法人组织之间的人身关系和财产关系。Article 2 Thecivi11awregu1atespersona1andproprietaryre1ationshipsamongthepersonsofthecivi11aw,name1y,natura1persons,1ega1persons,anduninc
5、orporatedorganizationsthatareequa1instatus.第三条【民事权益受法律保护】民事主体的人身权利、财产权利以及其他合法权益受法律保护,任何组织或者个人不得侵犯。Article 3 Thepersona1rights,proprietaryrights,andother1awfu1rightsandinterestsofthepersonsofthecivi11awareprotectedby1awandfreefrominfringementbyanyorganizationorindividua1.第四条【平等原则】民事主体在民事活动中的法律地位一律平等。
6、Article 4 A11personsofthecivi11awareequa1in1ega1statuswhenconductingcivi1activities.第五条【自愿原则】民事主体从事民事活动,应当遵循自愿原则,按照自己的意思设立、变更、终止民事法律关系。Article 5 Whenconductingacivi1activityapersonofthecivi11awsha11,incomp1iancewiththeprincip1eofVo1untarinesstcreate,a1ter,orterminateacivi1juristicre1ationshipaccordi
7、ngtohisownwi11.第六条【公平原则】民事主体从事民事活动,应当遵循公平原则,合理确定各方的权利和义务。Article 6 Whenconductingacivi1activity,apersonofthecivi11awsha11,incomp1iancewiththeprincip1eoffairness,reasonab1yc1arifytherightsandob1igationsofeachparty.第七条【诚信原则】民事主体从事民事活动,应当遵循诚信原则,秉持诚实,恪守承诺。Article 7 Whenconductingacivi1activity,apersonof
8、thecivi11awsha11,incomp1iancewiththeprincip1eofgoodfaith,upho1dhonestyandhonorcommitments.第八条【守法与公序良俗原则】民事主体从事民事活动,不得违反法律,不得违背公序良俗。Article 8 Whenconductingacivi1activity,nopersonofthecivi11awsha11vio1atethe1aw,oroffendpub1icorderorgdmora1s.第九条【绿色原则】民事主体从事民事活动,应当有利于节约资源、保护生态环境。Article 9 Whenconductin
9、gacivi1activity,apersonofthecivi11awsha11actinamannerthatfaci1itatesconservationofresourcesandprotectionoftheeco1ogica1environment.第十条【法律适用】处理民事纠纷,应当依照法律;法律没有规定的,可以适用习惯,但是不得违背公序良俗。Article 10 Civi1disputessha11bereso1vedinaccordancewith1aw.Wherethe1awdoesnotspecify,custommaybeapp1ied,providedthatpub1
10、icorderandgoodmora1smaynotbeoffended.第十一条【优先适用特别法】其他法律对民事关系有特别规定的,依照其规定。Article 11 Wherethereareother1awsprovidingspecia1provisionsregu1atingcivi1-1awre1ations,suchprovisionssha11befo11owed.第十二条【效力范围】中华人民共和国领域内的民事活动,适用中华人民共和国法律。法律另有规定的,依照其规定。Article 12 The1awsofthePeop1esRepub1icofChinasha11app1ytot
11、hecivi1activitiestakingp1acewithintheterritoryofthePeop1e,sRepub1icofChina,exceptasotherwiseprovidedby1aw.第二章自然人ChapterII:Natura1Persons第一节民事权利能力和民事行为能力Section1:CapacityforEnjoyingCivi1-1awRightsandCapacityforPerformingCivi1JuristicActs第十三条【自然人民事权利能力的起止】自然人从出生时起到死亡时止,具有民事权利能力,依法享有民事权利,承担民事义务。Article
12、 13 Anatura1personsha11,fromthetimeofbirthunti1thetimeofdeath,havethecapacityforenjoyingcivi1-1awrights,andmayenjoycivi1-1awrightsandassumecivi1-1awdutiesinaccordancewith1aw.第十四条【自然人民事权利能力平等】自然人的民事权利能力一律平等。Article 14 A11natura1personsareequa1intheircapacityforenjoyingcivi1-1awrights.第十五条【自然人出生和死亡时间的
13、判断标准】自然人的出生时间和死亡时间,以出生证明、死亡证明记载的时间为准;没有出生证明、死亡证明的,以户籍登记或者其他有效身份登记记载的时间为准。有其他证据足以推翻以上记载时间的,以该证据证明的时间为准。Article 15 Thetimeofbirthandtimeofdeathofanatura1personaredeterminedbythetimerecordedonhisbirthordeathcertificateasapp1ied,or,ifthereisnobirthordeathcertificate,bythetimerecordedinthenatura1personsh
14、ouseho1dregistrationorotherva1ididentitycertificate.Ifthereissufficientevidenceoverturningthetimerecordedintheaforementioneddocuments,thetimethatisestab1ishedbysuchevidencesha11prevai1.第十六条【胎儿利益的特殊保护】涉及遗产继承、接受赠与等胎儿利益保护的,胎儿视为具有民事权利能力。但是,胎儿娩出时为死体的,其民事权利能力自始不存在。Article 16 Afetusisdeemedashavingthecapac
15、ityforenjoyingcivi1-1awrightsinestatesuccession,acceptanceofgift,andothersituationswhereprotectionofafetus*interestsisinvo1ved.However,asti11bornfetusdoesnothavesuchcapacityabinitio.第十七条【成年人与未成年人的年龄标准】十八周岁以上的自然人为成年人。不满十八周岁的自然人为未成年人。Article 17 Anatura1personaged18oraboveisanadu1t.Anatura1personundertheageof18isaminor.第十八条【完全民事行为能力人】成年人为完全民事行为能力人,可以独立实施民事法律行为。十六周岁以上的未成年人,以自己的劳动收入为主要生活来源的,视为完全民事行为能力人。Artic1e18Anadu1thasfu11capacityforperformingcivi1juristicactsandmayindependent1yperformcivi1juristicacts.Aminoraged16orabovewhosemainsourceofsupportistheincomefromhisown1aborisdeemedasapersonwithfu1