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1、Check for updatesReviewFuture-Oriented Advanced Diarylethene Photoswitches：From Molecular Design to Spontaneous Assembly SystemsHong-Bo Cheng, * Shuchun Zhang, Enying Bai, Xiaoqiao Cao, Jiaqi Wang, Ji Qi, Jun Liu,Jing Zhao, * Liqun Zhang, * and Juyoung Yoon *cycloreversion of DAE under light irradia
2、tion produces many exciting functional efleets, such as changes in photophysical andphotochemical properties,1121 changes in the shape or mechanical properties of the solid”1 electrical conductivityj7b141 and the generationof reactive oxygen species (ROS).i5Diarylethene (DAE) photoswitch is a new an
3、d promising family ofphotochromic molecules and has shown superior performance as a smarttrigger in stimulus-responsive materials. During the past few decades, theDAE family has achieved a leap from simple molecules to functionalmolecules and developed toward validity as a universal switching buildi
4、ngblock. In recent years/ the introduction of DAE into an assembly system hasbeen an attractive strategy that enables the photochromic behavior of thebuilding blocks to be manifested at the level of the entire system, beyondthe DAE unit itself. This assembly-based strategy will bring manyunexpected
5、results that promote the design and manufacture of a newgeneration of advanced materials. Here, recent advances in the design andfabrication of diarylethene as a trigger in materials science, chemistry, andbiomedicine are reviewed.ADVANCEDAIATERIALSwww.advmat.dephotochromic performance does not show
6、 significant fatigue indrives the isomerization of the DAE unit to better meet the need toreither the solutionor solid state.2,18b,21DAE research lo this point can be roughly divided into threestages in chronological order: early exploration of DAEs molecularstructure and theory, nearly two decades
7、of purpose-orientedmolecular structure modification research, and about ten years ofresearch into practical applications of DAE in assembly systems.Research before about 2000 focused mainly on developing moreabundant DAE-derivative structures and advancing the systematicunderstanding of DAEs physica
8、l and chemical properties andswitching performance. To regulate its switching pertbnnance andgive it new functionality, many strategies tor modifying the ethenebridge and aryl groups of DAE have been proposed. 1221 In the firsttwo research staues, the mechanisms and structural modification ofDAE iso
9、merization were thoroughly and systematically explored,low-energy and high-efficiency triggering, especially in biomedicalapplications93 1()a, and developing strategies to introduce DAE intosupramolecular systems9c-24 and impart stimulus-responsiveness tothe entire assembly through interactions at v
10、arious scales.Fortunately, aggregate science,1261 particularly noncovalentsupramolecular self-assembly?271 provides useful tools for thefurther exploration of potential DAE applications.The single-component aggregation model and photochromism ofDAE in solution and single crystals have been studied e
11、nough tomake the initial leap from single-molecule models of DAE todevices and biomedical applications/l4b2SJ Structural changes inDAE caused by its stimulus responsiveness face several importantchallenges, including the non-ncgligiblc damage that ultraviolet(UV) irradiation causes to devices and lo
12、w permeability inbiological tissues.功and countless importantIn recent years, many strategies have been developed to avoid thedirect excitation of DAE by UV lightincluding making changesto the structural design of the DAE molecule itself, such as by usingan extended n -conjugated system.1291 In addit
13、ion, the interactionADVANCEDAIATERIALSwww.advmat.deaggregation states to provide good compatibility in variousapplication situations, particularly sellassembly systems.The motivation for this review is to reveal challenges to the useof photoresponsive DAE in practical applications, suggest novelcopi
14、ng strategics, and describe opportunities for the fiiturc. One ofour aims in writing this review is to emphasize the cutting-edgeresults of using stimulus-responsive DAE as a functional buildingblock, especially in spontaneous assembly systems, that are alreadypromoting the integration and developme
15、nt of chemistry, materialsscience, biomedicine, and other subjects. We hope this work willprovide some new insights for researchers in related fields. At thesame time, many efforts have already been devoted to understandingthe DAE mechanism, and theoretical research into DAEisomerization and molecular design has produced many excitingresults. Nevertheless, it still needs to be pointed out that the detailedand in-depth discussion of those issues is beyond the scope of thisreview.The structure of this paper is as follows. Section 2 reviews thedesign and regu
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