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1、2023年(七升八)新八年级暑假衔接自学课(人教版)09动词不定式1函基础知识； ,IN111Mui11i1i11K11111t1111111111IIIIII一(-)动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为1。+动词原形，其中t。不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习其作宾语、状语、宾补的用法。 动词不定式的形式及性质(1)动词不定式的基本形式：t。do(to有时可省略)；(2)动词不定式变否定：not(to)do；(3)动词不定式无人
2、称变化；(4)动词不定式仍保留动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。方tospeakat(hemeeting在会议上发言toreadnewspapers看报纸 动词不定式的句法作用一、作宾语动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,want,remember,agree,1earn,1ike,decide,fai1,pretend,demand,refuse等O声Youmust1earnto1ookafteryourse1f.你必须学着照顾自己。*Theyvo1unteertoc1eanupIhehousefortheo1d1ady.他们自愿给老人打
3、扫房子。方Theywou1d1iketocomebybus.他们想乘公共汽车来。Kate,remembertothesicktocheerthemup.A.tosingB.nottosingC.singing【答案】A【解析】remembertodosth记得去做某事。tosingtothesick作remember的宾语。二、作宾语补足语.fI1e11himtoarriveonSunday.我让他周日到达。t1i1eiaskedhisdeskmatetohe1phimwithEng1ish.李磊请同桌帮他学英语C由Theteacheraskedthestudentstoreaditagain
4、.那个老师让学生们又把它读了一遍C动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：te11,ask,want,1ike,invite,encourage,he1p等O但在see,watch,hear,fee1,notice等感官动词或1et,make,have等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号to,可以归纳为以下三种句式：1 .不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：te11/ask/want/wou1d1ikeZwish/suppose/invite/encourage/teach/dependon等+sb+todosthTheteac
5、herto1dUStocomeear1iertomorrow.老师告诉我们明天早点来。kHerparentswishhertobeateacher.她的父母希望她成为一名教师C2 .省to的不定式作宾语补足语：(1) 1et/make/have+sb+dosth音1ettheboygooutnow.让那个男孩现在出去。帝Theymadethechi1drenp1aythepiano6hoursaday1astmonth.上个月他们让这些孩子每天弹6个小时的钢琴。(2) see/watch/hear/notice/fee1+sb+dosthbIheardthemarguethismoming.今
6、天早上我听到他们吵架了。(强调整个过程)【注意】he1p带不带to均可以。于1oftenhe1pmymother(to)dohousework.我经常帮助妈妈做家务。此类动词后用不带t。的不定式作宾补，当变被动时，必须还原t。bWi11iamisoftenseentop1ayChinesekungfuinthepark.人们常看到威廉在公园练中国功夫。4.否定形式：(1)动词不定式的否定式是直接在to前加上not。bTe1Ithemnottop1ayfootba11inthestreet.(2)省t。的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not。A1ettheboynotgo.不要让那个男孩走
7、。MrSmithto1dhissonthefootba11matchbecauseoftheexam.【答案】A【解析】te11sbnottodosth告诉某人不要做某事。1. Thoughheoftenmadehis1itt1esister,todayhewasmadebyhis1itt1esister.A.cry；tocryB.crying；cryingC.cry；cryD.tocry；cry【答案】At解析】makesbdosth变为被动语态时，被省略的to要恢复，即Sbbemadetodosth。三、作状语(1)作目的状语。百Hestoppedtohavearest.他停下来休息。强调
8、动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用inorderto或soasto+动词原形，soasto不可用于句首。寸Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。(2)作结果状语。方Hewokeupon1ytofindeverybodygone.他醒来时才发现所有的人都走了。田Hisgrandma1ivedtoseethe1iberationofChina.他奶奶活到了中国解放。kHeiso1denoughtogotoschoo1.他年龄足够大了，可以去上学了。(3)在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。Bmproudtohavetak
9、enpartinthecompetitions.很荣幸参加了这些竞赛。kmhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando.很高兴找到了很多我能做的事CManyfastfoodrestaurantsPaint(涂)theirwa11sred,p1ay1oudmusicandhavehardseatsCUStOmers(顾客)eatquick1yand1eave.A.makeB.tomakeC.madeD.making【答案】B【解析】句意：许多快餐店把它们的墙刷成红色，播放吵闹的音乐，并放置坚硬的座位，为的是使顾客快点吃完离开。不定式在句中作目的状语。动词不定式可以和What,
10、which,how,where,When等特殊疑问词连用。*ThequestionisIdon,tknowwhen1oS1ar1.问题是我不知道什么时候开始。kYOUdOnO1knOWWha1tOdOandhoWtOdoit.你不知道要去做什么或者怎么做。一、单项选择1.Theywou1d1iketoschoo1bycarbecauseitsveryCOnVeniem（方便的）.2.Inthefuture,Ithinkitwon,tbedifficu1tforusa11overthewor1d.3.Togetgoodscores,theypromisecomputergamestoomuch.
11、4.Ourteacheroftente11susintheriver.5.The1itt1echi1dpretendedwhenhismomcameintohisbedroom.8.Itsverynecessaryforstudentshard.9.Jackgetsupear1ysportsforhea1theveryday.10.Areyourparentsstrictyou?一Yes.Theymakemanyru1esforme.Forexamp1e,mnota11owedout1ate.一msorry.Iforgotmya1armandIovers1ept.12.Noonewi11a11
12、owkidsinthewi1driverbecauseitisverydangerous.A.swimB.swimmingC.toswimD.swims13.What,syourp1anabout1aborDay?Ihavenoidea.Ipreferathomeratherthanoutside.A.staying;goingB.stay;goC.stayed;togoD.tostay;go14 .一Whynotad1oveto.A.tohaveB.15 .Hisbossmadehimpicnicwithourfriends?haveC.tohavingtwe1vehoursadavinth
13、eoast.D.wi11haveA.workB.16.MarchisthebesttimeworkedC.onthe1ake.workingD.toworkA.tosai1B.17.Therearesomepandassai1ingonC.sai1sD.tosai1ingthegrassandthereismuchbambooforthemA.1ie;eatB.18.Myparentsoftenwait1ying;toeatmeC.to1ie;toeatthematweekends.D.1ying;eatingA.for;toca11B./;toca11C.for;ca1119 .一Whata
14、reyouthinkingabout?Idon,tknowtoaparty.A.howtowearB.whattowearC.whatshou1dIwearD.howcanIwear20 .Whatwou1dvou1ikeonweekends?D./;ca11一d1ikebooksinthe1ibrary.A.doing;readingB.do;toread二、阅读理解C.todo;toreadD.do;readingA1astweek,wehadagoodtimeinHongKongDisney1and.Thefo11owingissomeinformationforsightseeing.
15、1thinkitwi11behe1pfu1foryouifyoup1antovisitit.AttractionHongKongDisney1and,thefifthDisneytheme(主题)parkinthewor1d,andthesecondDisneythemeparkinAsia,openeditsdoortothepub1iconSeptember12,2005.It,sthefirstDisneyIandinChinaandthecheapestoneinthewor1d,too.Itinc1udes71ands一Adventure1and,Grizz1yGu1ch,MysticPoint,ToyStory1and,Fantasy1and,Tomorrow1andandMainStreet,theUSA.Openinghours10:30a.m.7:30p.m.(Saturdaysto8:30p.m.)
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