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1、ThePanthertanksmaingunanditsfire-controlsystemwasoptimizedforthedestructionofenemytanksatlongrange.HereweseemembersofthecrewofaPantherAusf.Ausingapairofbinocularstospotdistanttargets.AlliedtankerswereimpressedwiththeextremelyhighqualityofGerman-madeopticalinstruments.(PattonMuseum)gun,piercingthesan
2、dbagsandthearmorplateandexplodedinside.Therewereabouttwofeetofsandbagsinfrontofthearmorplate.Thethirdshothittheturretgunshield,piercingit,andenteringtheturret.Thefourthandfifthhitinthesameplaceandeachpiercedthegunshieldandenteredtheturret.Thetankwassetonfireandburnedcompletely.Whenemployedagainstthe
3、second-generationversionoftheRedArmyT-34mediumtank,introducedintoserviceinearly1944anddesignatedtheT-34-85tank,thelethalrangedroppedonlyabitwhenthePanthertankuseditsPzgr.39/42APC-TroundduetothethickerturretarmorontheT-34-85tank.WiththeintroductionoftheT-34-85tankintoRedArmyservice,theGermansdesignat
4、edtheoriginalfirst-generationT-34mediumtankarmedwiththe76.2-mmmaingunastheT-34/76todistinguishitfromtheT-34-85,whichweighed35tons(32mt)combatloaded.ThePanthertanksPzgr.39/42APC-TprojectilecouldpenetratetheT-34-85tankturretgunshieldat1,312yards(1,20()m).Punchingaholethroughthetankswell-slopedglacispl
5、atemeantthePanthertankhadtobewithin328yards(300m).ThesideturretarmorontheT-34-85tankcouldbepenetratedatarangeof2,953yards(2,700m),andthesidesuperstructureThisclose-uppictureshowsthesmallhingedloadersingressandegressarmoredhatchontherearwallofaPantherAusf.Gtankturret.Itwasalsousedbythetanksloadertoej
6、ectspentmainguncartridgecasesfromtheinteriorofthevehiclelestthepropellantfumesbuiltupwithinthetanksfightingcompartment.(DavidT.Lin)7() Osprey Publishing FIREPOWERAclose-PantherAusf. ApositionthewasviewHsu)armorat 3,171 yards (2,900 m). The lower hull side armor of the T-34-85 tankpenetratedat 3,828
7、yards (3,500 m).upinteriorshotofthereplaceableloadersoverheadperiscopeinaAusf.Gtankturret.ThisoverheadperiscopefirstappearedonthePanthertank.Beingfixedinmeanttheloadersvisiontorightsideofthevehicleextremelyrestrictedbytherelativelynarrowfieldofofferedbyhisoverheadperiscope.(Chim-Lsuwas73 Osprey Publ
8、ishing ItwasmoredifficultforthePanthertanksPzgr.39/42APC-TprojectiletopenetratethethickarmorontheRedArmyIS-IIheavytank,introducedintoserviceinearly1944.Itcouldonlypunchaholeintheturretfrontat875yards(800m)andinthethickergunshieldat437yards(400ni).Topenetratetheglacis,thePanthertankhadtobewithin656ya
9、rds(600m).BoththesideturretarmorontheIS-11heavytankaswellasthesidesuperstructurearmorwerepenetratedat1,75()yards(1,600m).Thelowerhullsidearmorwaspenetratedat2,187yards(2,000m).ENHANCEDARMOR-PIERCINGROUNDToimprovetheoddsofthePanthertanktakingonSovietheavytanksincombat,Panthertankcrewssometimeshadacce
10、sstowhattheU.S.Armyreferredtoasahyper-velocityarmor-piercing(HVAP)round.IntheBritishArmy,thesameroundwouldbereferredtoasanarmor-piercing,compositerigid(APCR)round.InGermanmilitaryservice,theroundwasdesignatedthePanzergranate40/42(Pzgr.40/42).Itwas34.5inches(87.6cm)longandweighed25lbs(11kg).Themuzzle
11、velocityofthePzgr.40/42was3,675ft/sec(1J20m/s).Unlikethefull-borePzgr.39/42projectilewithitssteelbodyandsmallhigh-explosiveelement,thePzgr.40/42projectileconsistedofasubcalibertungstencorecenteredwithinalightweightmetalcarrierthatmatchedthediameterofthePanthertankgunbore.Themetalcarriertraveledtothe
12、targetalongwiththeprojectileandwasstrippedawayuponimpact,leavingtheverydenseandhardsubcalibercoretopenetratethearmorofanenemylank.TheadvantageofthePzgr.40/42projectilewasthatthesubcalibercoreconcentrateditspenetrativeenergyonasmallerareaofthetarget,makingitmoreeffectiveinpenetratingarmor.Thedisadvan
13、tagewastheaerodynamicdragcreatedbythelightweightmetalcarrierthattraveledtothetarget,whichloweredtheprojectilemuzzlevelocitygoingdownrangeandmeantitspenetrativepowersdroppedoffatlongerranges.First-generationShermantanksarmedwitha75-mmmaingunwereneverissuedaHVAPround.TheAmericansecond-generationSherma
14、ntanksarmedwitha76-mmmaingunbeganreceivingsmallnumbersofM93HVAProundsbeginninginAugust1944.Ithadamuzzlevelocityof3,400ft/sec(1,036m/s).RedArmyT-34/76tankershadaccesstosmallnumbersoftungsten-coresubcaliberroundsafterOctober1943,designatedtheBR-350P,whichboastedamuzzlevelocityof3,165ft/sec(965m/s).The
15、letterPintheammunitiondesignationstoodforpolkaliberniy(subcaliber).Inthesummerof1944,theT-34-85tankerswereprovidedwithasmallnumberofatungsten-coresubcaliberroundsdesignatedtheBR-365P,whichhadamuzzlevelocityof3,937ft/sec(1,200m/s).The15-foot,3-inch(4.66m)maingunontheT34-85lankfireditsstandardBR-365APCprojectileat2,599ft/sec(792m/s).Intheory,aPzgr.40/42subcaliberprojectilecouldpenetrateupto194mmofarmorslopedat3()degreesatarangeof109yards(100m).At547yards(500m),itcouldpunchthrou
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