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1、Bacca1aureateAddress,Ya1eCo11egeC1assof2023致耶鲁本科学院2023届毕业生的毕业演讲OnInte11ectua1Humi1ity论思想上的谦逊PeterSa1ovey,PresidentofYa1eUniversity耶鲁大学校长苏必德May22,20232023年5月22日GraduatesoftheC1assof2023,fami1ymembers,friends,andco11eagues.2023届毕业生们、家长们和朋友们:BeforeIgetstarted,Iwanttomentionthatthisisthe1astbacca1aureat
2、eat1eastinhispresentro1eforyourDean,MarvinChun,beforehereturnstothefacu1ty.AndI,mwonderingifwecou1da11showhimjusta1itt1ebitofgratitudeforhisservicethese1astfiveyears,e,snotgoingfaraway.开始之前,我想提一下,今天是你们的院长马文千在任上参加的最后一次毕业典礼。让我们对他过去五年的工作表示感谢。将来他不会离我们很远。Soitisaspecia1p1easuretobeherewithyoutoday,adaymad
3、edoub1ymeaningfu1byourabi1itytoce1ebrateourgraduatesinperson.AndIamde1ightedtowe1comeyoutoYa1e,sfirston-campusBacca1aureateceremonysincethestartoftheCOVID-19pandemic.今天大家在这里共聚一堂,我感到十分荣幸,这一天也因为我们可以亲临校园庆贺毕业而更加意义非凡。在此,我向你们的到来表示欢迎,欢迎你们参加耶鲁大学自新冠肺炎疫情以来第一次恢复线下毕业典礼。Andafterathree-yearhiatus,thereisawonderfu
4、1Ya1etraditionthatIwou1d1iketoreinstitute:在中断了三年之后,现在,请允许我恢复耶鲁的这一宝贵传统:MayIaska11thefami1iesandfriendsheretodaytoriseandrecognizetheoutstanding-andgraduating-membersoftheC1assof2023?请今天在座的所有毕业生家属和朋友们起立,向2023届杰出的毕业生们表示祝贺。Thankyou!Andnow,mayIasktheC1assof2023toconsidera11thosewhohavesupportedyourarriva
5、1atthismi1estone,andtop1easeriseandrecognizethem?谢谢!现在,请2023届的全体毕业生们感念所有曾支持你们走到今天这一里程碑的人们,请你们起立向他们致敬。Thankyou!谢谢各位!Ourexcitementtodayistemperedbyg1oba1turbu1ence.Wecanseetheperi1sofconf1ictandcrisisaroundthewor1d.Andyet,asI1ookoutontothiscourtyard,Icana1soseethepromiseofthosewe11preparedtobetterourc
6、o11ectivefuture.O1dCampusisfi11edanewwiththebound1esspotentia1ofgraduateswhooffercauseforhope.当我们在这里庆贺之时,我们知道世界各地正发生着冲突与危机,这些全球动荡使我们不能尽兴。然而,当我望向眼前的你们,我同时也看到了希望,人类集体的未来将经由整装待发的你们得到改善。在这片老校区的广场上,充满无限潜力的毕业生们将赋予未来希望。Throughoutthecountryonthisweekendandthoseweekendssurroundingit,presidentsofco11egesandun
7、iversitiesareinspiringtheirgraduatingseniorsbyte11ingthemthattheyhavereceivedtheverybesteducationpossib1e,andthataseducatedadu1ts,theyarenowreadytogooutandmakethewor1dabetterp1ace.Thisis,ofcourse,trueinmanyrespects,andIhavecertain1yspokenonotherCommencementweekendsoftheimportanceofimprovingthewor1df
8、orthisandfuturegenerations.最近的几个周末里,全美各所高校的校长们都在为即将走出校园的毕业生们送上毕业寄语,激励他们作为接受过最优质教育的年轻人,已经做好了准备离开母校,去让世界变得更好。当然,从某些方面来讲这是毋庸置疑的,我也在其他毕业典礼上谈到了为这一代和未来几代人改善世界的重要性。ButIwou1d1ikeyou,graduatingseniorsfromYa1eCo11ege,todepartfromthisp1acewithasomewhatdifferentmindset.Iamgoingtourgeyoutorecognizethatyourexce11
9、enteducationa11owsyouto1istentootherscarefu11y,considerwhattheyhavetosay,andsometimescometoanewpointofview.Iamsuggestingtoday-adayfi11edwiththeprideofaccomp1ishment-torecognize,atthesametime,theva1ueofinte11ectua1humi1ity.Today,Iwishtofocusonthecouragetoacknow1edgea11wedonotknow,toadmitwhenwearewron
10、g,andtochangeourminds.但是,我希望你们,耶鲁本科学院即将毕业的学生,带着某种不同的心态告别校园。我希望你们在这个充满成就感的日子里认识到,思想上的谦逊也无比重要。你们所受的优秀教育使你们能够认真听取他人的意见,思虑他人的言论,这有时会带来新的观点。所以今天,我的演讲将聚焦在承认未知的勇气,承认我们的错误和改变我们的想法。Sixtyyearsago,PresidentJohnF.Kennedyspoketoacapacityaudienceseatedrightwhereyouarenow.Hesawasimi1arstateofunrestasthespecterofwa
11、r1oomed.AndIsuspecthegainedasimi1arsenseofoptimismatopthisp1atformfrommembersoftheC1assof1962.PresidentKennedy,shistoricCommencementaddressatYa1ewassweepinginitsrhetoricanditsscope.Andmorethana-haIfcentury1ater,thereissti11muchforustoheedfromhismessage,inc1udingtheabidingbutnowespecia11yre1evantva1u
12、eofseekingnewperspectives.60年前,美国前总统约翰F.肯尼迪对坐在你们现在位置上满席的听众发表演讲。在战争阴影的笼罩下,他看到的局势与今天动荡的局势类似,而且我估计他在这个讲台上从1962届的耶鲁毕业生身上同样看到了希望。肯尼迪总统在这场具有历史意义的耶鲁毕业典礼演讲中,以其风采和内容赢得了广泛的影响。对于半个多世纪后的我们,仍然可以从他的演讲中得到很多启发,尤其是我们今天要谈到的寻求新视角的价值。“Toooften,PresidentKennedyto1dthegraduatesinarousingappea1forinte11ectua1humi1ity,“Too
13、often,wesubjecta11factstoaprefabricatedsetofinterpretations.,Toooften,hecontinued,uweenjoythecomfortofopinionwithoutthediscomfortofthought.Historyteachesusthegravehazardofcertitudeandthehubrisfromwhichitgerminates.他在演讲中向毕业生们呼吁要保持思想上的谦逊:“我们常常把所有的事实置于一套预设的解释之下。我们常常乐于接受观点而不愿去思考。”历史告诉我们,确信不疑所带来的严重危害,以及它
14、所滋生的狂妄。Now,whenIwasagraduatestudenthere,ProfessorIrvingJanis,asocia1psycho1ogist,wasoneofmyteachers.Heformu1atedtheconceptofgroupthinkand1inkedthesuppressionofdissenttoaseriesofforeignpo1icydebac1essuchastheesca1ationoftheVietnamWarandtheBayofPigsinvasion.我在耶鲁读研究生的时候,社会心理学家艾尔芬詹尼斯教授是我的一位老师。他提出了“群体思维”
15、的理论,并将这种对不同意见的压制与当时美国一系列外交政策的失败联系起来,如越南战争的升级和猪湾入侵。TheBayofPigsinvasion-adecisionbyKennedytohavetheCIA1eadagroupofarmedCubanexi1esinafai1edattempttooverthrowFide1Castro-wasdescribedbyKennedyaideArthurSch1esingerasrootedinacuriousatmosphereofassumedconsensus,inwhichnotonespokeagainstit.,AndasPresident
16、Kennedyhimse1fdisc1osedtoTIMEmagazine,wtherewere50orsoofus,presumab1ythemostexperiencedandsmartestpeop1ewecou1dget,top1ansuchanoperation.Mostofusthoughtitwou1dworkIwasn,tawareofanygreatopposition.Yetwhenwesawthewiderangeoffai1ures,Kennedycontinued,“weaskedourse1ves:whyhaditnotbeenapparenttosomebodyfromthestart?Iguessyougetwa11edofffromrea1itywhenyouwantsomethingtosucceedtoomuch.TheinvasionwasanembarrassmenttotheUnitedStates,and