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1、INTERNATIONA1MONETARYFUNDGoodSupervision:1essonsfromtheFie1dTobiasAdrian,MarinaMoretti,AnaCarva1ho,HeeKyongChon,KatharineSea1,FabianaMe1o,andJaySurtiWP/23/181IMFWorkingPapersdescriberesearchinprogressbytheauthor(s)andarepub1ishedtoe1icitcommentsandtoencouragedebate.TheviewsexpressedinIMFWorkingPaper
2、sarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessari1yrepresenttheviewsoftheIMF,itsExecutiveBoard,orIMFmanagement.WoRK-NGPAPER2023SEPWP/23/1812023Internationa1MonetaryFundIMFWorkingPaperMonetaryandCapita1MarketsDepartmentGoodSupervision:1essonsfromtheFie1dPreparedbyTobiasAdrian,MarinaMoretti,AnaCarva1ho,HeeKyon
3、gChon,FabianaMe1o,KatharineSea1,andJaySurti*AuthorizedfordistributionbyTobiasAdrianSeptember2023IMFWorkingPapersdescriberesearchinprogressbytheauthor(s)andarepub1ishedtoe1icitcommentsandtoencouragedebate.TheviewsexpressedinIMFWorkingPapersarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessari1yrepresenttheviewsoft
4、heIMF,itsExecutiveBoard,orIMFmanagement.ABSTRACT:Keepingbankssafeandsoundhingesongoodsupervision.Thebankfai1uresofMarch2023precipitatedquestionsabouttheeffectivenessofsupervision.Thispaperref1ectson1essons1earnedfromthisbankingturmoi1andreviewsg1oba1progressinde1iveringeffectivesupervisionoverthepas
5、ttenyears.Itfindsprogressinareas1ikeriskmonitoring,stresstesting,andbusinessmode1ana1ysis.Yet,progresshasa1sobeenhamperedbydeficienciesinsupervisoryapproaches,techniques,too1s,and(useof)correctiveandsanctioningpowers,aswe11asbyunc1earmandates,inadequatepowers,and1ackofindependenceandresources.Overco
6、mingthesedeficienciesrequiressupervisorstoimprovetheirownperformanceandotherpo1icymakerstocontributetoensuringvigi1ant,independentandaccountab1esupervision.JE1C1assificationNumbers:G20,G28Keywords:Banks;supervision;prudentia1standardsAuthorsE-Mai1Address:tadrianimf.org;mmorettiimf.org：isurtiimf.orq;
7、fme1oimf.org：acarva1hoimf.orq:hchonimf.orq;ksea1imf.oraTheauthorswou1d1iketothankIMFco11eaguesforconstructivefeedbackandAdityaNarainforhe1pfu1discussions.WORKINGPAPERSGoodSupervision:1essonsfromtheFie1dPreparedbyTobiasAdrian,MarinaMoretti,AnaCarva1ho,HeeKyongChon,FabianaMe1o,KatharineSea15andJaySurt
8、iContentsG1ossary3ExecutiveSummary4Introduction5TheMarch2023BankFai1ures8HowCountriesFareAgainstSupervisoryStandards11SupervisoryStrengths,Weaknesses,andCha11enges18Progress-Fonvard-1ookingSUPerViSOryApproaches18MonitoringFrameworks18StressTestingandPi11ar219BusinessMode1Ana1ysisandCorporateGovernan
9、ce20Gaps21Standardsaremeanttobeminimumnotmaximum21Banks1argeandSma11:Proportiona1ityandSystemicRisk21Cha11enges22De1ayorHesitationinActingversusEsca1ationPractices22Accountabi1ity24Resources24Structura1TransformationsandGrowingPrudentia1Mandates25AdvancingtheSupervisoryAgenda26PrioritiesforSupervisi
10、on26SupervisoryJudgment27DifferentResponsibi1ities:Banks,Supervisors,andGovernments27Conc1usion28References29BOXES1. TheMakingofGoodSupervision7FIGURES2. 1imitationsinComp1iancewithIndividua1Base1CorePrincip1es2012-2023H1133. Base1CorePrincip1esThematicGroups2012-2023H1144. WeaknessinInstitutiona1Se
11、ttingforBankSupervision2012-2023H1155. Supervision2012-2023H1166. Regu1atoryStandards2012-2023H117G1ossaryAEAdvancedEconomiesA1Artificia1Inte11igenceBCBSBase1CommitteeonBankingSupervisionBCPBase1CorePrincip1esforEffectiveSupervisionD-SIBDomesticSystemica11yImportantBankEMDEEmergingMarketandDeve1opin
12、gEconomiesEUEuropeanUnionFSAPFinancia1SectorAssessmentProgramGDPGrossDomesticProductGFCG1oba1Financia1CrisisG-SIBG1oba1Systemica11yImportantBanksICAAPInterna1Capita1AdequacyAssessmentProcessIMFInternationa1MonetaryFund1CR1iquidityCoverageRatioM1Machine1earningMNCMateria11ynon-comp1iantNCNon-mp1iantR
13、WARisk-weightedassetSNBSwissNationa1BankSVBSi1iconVa11eyBankExecutiveSummaryThebankturbu1enceintheSpringof2023precipitatedquestions,hearings,andactionp1ansdirectedatsupervisoryauthorities.Doubtswereraisedbysomeastowhethertheinternationa1reformagendafo11owingtheG1oba1Financia1Crisis(GFC)hadbeenapprop
14、riate1ytargetedandca1ibrated,andeffective1yimp1emented.The1asttimequestionswereraisedregardingdeficienciesinprudentia1regu1ationandsupervisionofbanks,aftertheGFC5theInternationa1MonetaryFund(IMF)hademphasizedthatstrengtheningregu1ation,whi1enecessary,wou1dbeinsufficient,andthatreinvigoratingsupervis
15、ionwasjustasimportant.The2010StaffPositionNoteonTheMakingofGoodSupervision:1earningtoSayNoemphasizedtheimportanceofthewi11andabi1itytoactascentra1togoodsupervision,andhence,tosafeguardingthesoundnessofbanksandstabi1ityofthesystem.Thispapertakestherecentbankingturbu1enceasatime1yopportunitytoreviewthecaseforgoodsupervisionwhichwasspot1ightedbytheeventsinMarch.Itreviewsprogressmadeinde1iveringeffectivesupervision,seekstoconsiderpractica1examp1esofsupervisioninaction,andexamineswhetherthetestofgoodsupervisionhasevo1vedintheinter
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