重难题型方法解读.docx

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1、重难题型方法解读题型（一）阅读理解题型点拨阅读理解篇章的文体有:应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文。阅读理解选用的题材主要为:人与自然、人与社会、人与自我。考查英语学科的核心素养:语言能力、学习能力、文化意识、思维品质。阅读理解的设题主要分为:细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨归纳题等。解题指导一、细节理解题用 what, which, who, whom, whose, how, why, when, where, how long, how many 等 Wh-questions询问文本的具体内容,如事实、例证、原因、过程等就是细节理解题。常见的 题干形式有：1 .HowZWhenZWh

2、y did.happen?2 .Which oflhe following is TRUE?3 .According to the passage, how many.are mentioned?4 .What/Who/WhenAVhere/Why/How？（特殊疑问句类型）5 .All the statements are true EXCEPT .6 .Which is the right order Of?（排序题类型）7 .The author gives the example in the.paragraph in OrdertO（例证题类型）8 .the+形容词最高级;.the

3、Only（判断修饰限定的细节题类型） 解题技巧1 .审题:读懂题干,找准题干或选项中的关键词（数字、大小写、人名、地名等）；2 .阅读全文,利用信息定位,并运用略读策略（快速阅读,抓住文章的大概意思）与查读策略（带着 问题,快速扫视文章来寻找答案）,确定该细节在文中的相关出处；3 .对照题干要求,细节比对排除或者选择；注意事项干扰项往往就是一模一样的词汇或文中出现的句子,但整体语义可能是无中生有、 正误并存、扩大或缩小范围、以偏概全、偷换概念、答非所问等。而正确选项往往是通过语 义转换、同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实的方法复述出来,而不是照搬原文！4 .确定答案,并验证答案。【技巧1】跳读查找W

4、hen they were kids, Dereck was quiet and healthy, and he was good at math and science. Beverly had a twin brother. At that time, her brother and she often got their mother into trouble! Beverly was a dancer, an athlete, played the piano （not very well）, and was a class leader. Her favorite subject w

5、as science and she always got excellent grades in her science exams.Q: From the second paragraph, we can know that when they were kids,.A.Dereck was outgoingB.Beverly was quiet and healthyC.Beverly could play the piano very wellD.Dereck and Beverly were both good at science解析D 细节理解题。根据When they were

6、 kids, Dereck was quiet and healthy, and he was good at math and SCienCe.以及“Her favorite subject was science and she always got excellent grades in her science exams/5 可知,Dereck 和 BeVeIiy 都擅长科学。故选 D。【技巧2】简单计算Packing it properly. Only put in the pack what is needed for that day. Its a good idea to kn

7、ow what each object weighs. The total weight of the filled pack should be no more than 10 to 15 percent of the wearers own body weight. Pack the heaviest objects close to the body, and place little ones outside, away from the back.Q:If a boy weighs 40 kg, how heavy should his filled backpack be at m

8、ost?A.About 4 kg.B.About 6 kg.C.About 10 kg.D.About 15 kg.解析B 数字计算题。根据“The total weight of the filled pack should be no more than 10 to 15 percent of the wearer,s own body WeighL”可知,填充包的总重量不应超过背包人自身体重的10% 至15%。如果一个人的体重是40千克,那么他的背包的总重量最多是6千克。故选B。【技巧3】排除法Mr. Brown was born in a poor family. He couldn,

9、t go to school when he was young. Nowhe,s a porter and works at a station. He doesn,t think it,s necessary to know some knowledge of science. His son, Bill, began to go to school last year. The boy likes nothing except playing. He doesn,t listen to the teachers in class and can,t do his homework aft

10、er class. Ifs the hardest thing for him to do math exercises. And he wants to drop it.QzWhich of the following is TRUE?A.Mr. Brown was going to be a porter when he was young.B.Mr. Browns parents were too poor to send him to school.C.Mr. Brown wasnt interested in science when he was young.D .There wa

11、s no school in Mr. Browns hometown.解析B首先要知道题目让我们选择的是正确的一项。Mr.Brown现在是一名行李搬运工, 而不是小时候打算当一名行李搬运工,A项错误;Mr. Brown现在认为没有必要了解一些科学 知识,C项错误;根据前两句可知,Mr. Brown小时候因为家里穷没有上学,而不是他的家乡没有 学校,D项错误。细节干扰项特征：(1)是原文信息,但不是题目所要求的信息；(2)符合常识,但不是文章内容；(3)与原文内容极其相似,只是在程度上有些变动(通常如有过于绝对化的词,不要选)；(4)部分正确,部分错误；(5)张冠李戴。例题The childre

12、ns answers were generally growth of moral understanding in early childhood.More of the four-to-five-year-olds thought the child in the story would feel better keeping the stolen candy, lying and getting unpunished. They imagined the parent in the story would be angry with the child who confessed. Ho

13、wever, the seven-to-nine-year-olds were more IikeIy(可能的)to think the child would feel better confessing the crime.Q:What did Smith and his workmates find in their study?A.Older kids are more likely than younger children to confess to a bad act.B.Younger children are more likely than older kids to co

14、nfess to a bad act.C.The fbur-to-five-year-olds would feel better confessing the crime.D.The seven-lo-nine-year-olds thought parents would be angry with their confessions.解析A本题带了一点的推理在里面,不能直接找到答案,需要转换一下思路。根据第二、 三句可知D项错误,应该是45岁的孩子认为承认错误会使父母生气;根据最后一句可知B项 和C项错误,A项正确。本题很好地体现了部分正确和部分错误以及张冠李戴这种现象,做题 时要注意发

15、出动作的主语是谁。二、词义猜测题能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义,是中考英语对阅读理解能力进行考查的 主要方式,是必考题型。这种题型主要考查对文中关键词语,如实词、短语、代词等的推断。 所考查的单词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,而要根据语境来判断。常用的设题方式有: LThe Word refers to.2 .The underlined word/phrase in the passage means.3 .What does the underlined word/phrase . probably mean?4 .The word it/them in Para. I/the

16、 first paragraph refers to.解题技巧【技巧1】根据定义或解释说明猜词义利用定义或者释义关系猜测词义,即根据上下文,借助定语(从句)、表语、用逗号、破折 号等引出的内容对生词的词义加以猜测。常见的标志性词汇有:be, mean, refer to, be called, be known as, that is, or, in other words 等。例题2021 长沙Hn 2009, American filmmakers produced a documentary（纪录片）called Big River Man. And the book, The Man Who Swain the