高中英语语法总结.docx

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1、一、冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I. 不定冠词的用法1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorr

2、y, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填B. a C. theD. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）6用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a g

3、irl as you can wish to meet.9用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success(抽象名词)a success(具体化) 成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事a shame带来耻辱的人或事a pity可惜或遗憾的事a must 必需必备的事a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识II. 定冠词的用法1表示某一类人或物In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; theB. /; aC. the; aD. the; the2用于

4、世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于演奏乐器play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson h

5、ere in the village.A. the; theB. the; aC. /; theD. the; /7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s(二十世纪九十年代)11用于表示度量单位的名词前

6、I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder.III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. /Whose purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National D

7、ay, spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通方式的名词前We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; theB.不填；theC. the; 不填D. 不填；不填7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork,

8、day and night8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.二、名词和主谓一致I. 名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质She held some flowers in her hand.The trees are now in flower花儿个体名词开花抽象名词Youth is beautiful.He is a youth of twenty青春抽象名词年轻人个体名词They have achieved remar

9、kable success in their work.How about the Christmas evening party?I should say it was a success.成功抽象名词成功的事个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质Iron is a kind of metal.Please lend me your iron.铁物质名词熨斗个体名词He broke a piece of glass.He broke a glass.玻璃物质名词玻璃杯个体名词I bought a chicken this morningPlease help yourself

10、to some chicken小鸡个体名词鸡肉物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如：have等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作Id like_information about the management of your hotel,please.Well, you could have_word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,a B.an,someC.some,someD.an,aThey sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名词）A.aB.anC

11、./ D.theCould we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）A.aB.anC./D.the类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bathmake an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通

12、名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in_international trade today.A.a,/B.the, anC.the, theD. /, thea knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识)If there were no examination, we should have_at school.A.

13、the happiest timeB.a more happier timeC.much happiest timeD.a much happier timeis money.A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰Oh, John. _you gave me!A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surpriseShe

14、looked up when I shouted.A.in a surpriseB.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in some surprise其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surpriseIt is_work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.A.so unusualB. such unusualC.such an unusualD.so an unusualII. 名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goo