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1、专题13阅读理解议论文(解析版)全国各地历年高考真题全收录一、2023年高考真题(一)2023全国乙卷DIfyouwanttote11thehistoryofthewho1ewor1d,ahistorythatdoesnotprivi1egeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsa1one,becauseon1ysomeofthewor1dhaseverhadtexts,whi1emostofthewor1d,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity,s1aterachievements,and
2、unti1fair1yrecent1yevenmany1iterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnoton1yinwritingbutinthings.Idea11yahistorywou1dbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareab1etodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimp1ycan,t.Thec1earestexamp1eofthisbetween1iterateandnon-1iteratehistoryisperhapsthefirstc
3、onf1ict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook,svoyageandtheAustra1ianAborigina1s.FromtheEng1ishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain,srecordofthatterrib1eday.FromtheAustra1ianside,wehaveon1yawoodenshie1d(盾)droppedbyamaninf1ightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactua11ygoingon
4、thatday,theshie1dmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeep1yandstrict1yasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheprob1emofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidenta11yorde1iberate1ytwisted,especia11ywhenon1ythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthe1osingsideoftenhaveon1ytheirthingstote11theirstori
5、es.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustra1ianAborigina1s,theAfricanpeop1eofBeninandtheIncas,a11ofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfu11ythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistoryto1dthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)between1iterateandnon-1iteratesocietiessuchas
6、these,a11ourfirst-handaccountsarenecessari1ytwisted,on1yoneha1fofadia1ogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherha1fofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.12. Whatisthefirstparagraphmain1yabout?A.Howpasteventsshou1dbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeak1ouderthanwords.D
7、.Whywritten1anguageisre1iab1e.13. WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthe1oca1peop1e.C.Heru1edoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.14. Whatdoestheunder1inedwordconversation“inparagraph3referto?A.Prob1em.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.15.
8、 Whichofthefo11owingbooksisthetextmost1ike1yse1ectedfrom?A.HowMapsTe11StoriesoftheWor1dB.AShortHistoryOfAustra1iaC.AHistoryoftheWor1dinIOOObjectsD.HowArtWorksTe11Stories【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性,并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Ifyouwanttote11thehi
9、storyofthewho1ewor1d,ahistorythatdoesnotprivi1egeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsa1one,becauseon1ysomeofthewor1dhaseverhadtexts,whi1emostofthewor1d,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity,s1aterachievements,andunti1fair1yrecent1yevenmany1iterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsn
10、oton1yinwritingbutinthings.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史,一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史,你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述,因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本,而世界上大多数人,在大多数时间里,都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一,直到最近,甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字,而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。广可推知,第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Idea11yahistorywou1dbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareab1etod
11、ojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimp1yCant.(理想情况下,历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起,本书的某些章节能够做到这一点,但在许多情况下,我们根本做不到。)”可推断,作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物,但是很多情况下,我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“FromtheEng1ishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain,srecordofthatterrib1eday.FromtheAustra1ianside,wehaveon1yawoodenshie1d(盾)droppedbyamaninf1ightafterhi
12、sfirstexperienceofgunshot.(在英国方面,我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看,我们只有一个木制盾牌,这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知,作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的,只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustra1ianAborigina1s,theAfricanpeop1eofBeninandtheIncas,a11ofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachiev
13、ementsmostpowerfu11ythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistoryto1dthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)between1iterateandnon-1iteratesocietiessuchasthese,a11ourfirst-handaccountsarenecessari1ytwisted,on1yoneha1fofadia1ogue.(力口勒比海的泰诺人、澳大禾U亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人,所有这些人都出现在这本书中,他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向
14、我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就:通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时,我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的,只有对话的一半。)“结合戈U线句“IfWearetofindtheotherha1fofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半,我们不仅要读文本,还要读物体。广可知,我们对过去历史的了解,只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史,如果我们想要了解历史的另一半,我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以COnVerSatiOn指的是“历史”。故
15、选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouwanttote11thehistoryofthewho1ewor1d,ahistorythatdoesnotprivi1egeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsa1one,becauseon1ysomeofthewor1dhaseverhadtexts,whi1emostofthewor1d,formostofthetime,hasnot.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史,一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史,你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述,因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过,而世界上大
16、多数人,在大多数时间里,都没有。厂结合最后一段的“Ifwearetofindtheotherha1fofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheObjeCtS.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半,我们不仅要读文本,还要读物体。)”可知,本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性,想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自100件物品中的世界史。故选C。二、2023年高考真题(-)【2023全国乙卷】BIn1916,twogir1sofwea1thyfami1ies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.一DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-trave1edtoasett1ementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoo1house.Thegir1sha