别以智商论英雄.docx

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1、杨锐别以智商论英雄As recently as the 1950s, possessing only middling intelligence wasnot likely to severely limit your lifes trajectory. IQ1) wasnt a bigfactor in whom you married, where you lived, or what others thoughtof you. The qualifications for a good job, whether on an assemblyline or behind a desk, m

2、ostly revolved around integrity, workethic, and a knack2) for getting along一bosses didnt routinelyexpect college degrees.The 2010s, in contrast, are a terrible time to not be brainy. Thosewho consider themselves bright openly mock others for being less so.Even in this age of rampant concern over mic

3、roaggressions3) andvictimization, we maintain open season on the nonsmart. People whodswerve4) off a cliff rather than use a pejorative5) for race,religion, physical appearance, or disability are al1 too happy todrop the s-bomb： Indeed, degrading others for being “stupid” hasbecome nearly automatic

4、in all forms of disagreement.Its popular entertainment, too. An evening of otherwise hate-speech-free TV-watching typically features at least one of a long list ofhumorous slurs on the unintelligent. Reddit regularly has threads6)on favorite ways to insult the stupid, and fun-stuff-to-dedicates a pa

5、ge to the topic amid its party-decor ideas and drinkrecipes.This gleeful derision?) seems especially cruel in view of the moreserious abuse that modern life has heaped upon the lessintellectually gifted. Few will be surprised to hear that, accordingto a long-running federal study, TQ correlates with

6、 chances oflanding a financially rewarding job. Studies have furthermore foundthat, compared with the intelligent, less intelligent people aremore likely to suffer from some types of mental illness, becomeobese, develop heart disease, experience permanent brain damagefrom a traumatic injury, and end

7、 up in prison, where they are morelikely than other inmates to be drawn to violence.Rather than looking for ways to give the less intelligent a break,the successful and influential seem more determined than ever tofreeze them out8) . The employment website Monster captures currenthiring wisdom in it

8、s advice to managers, suggesting they look forcandidates who, of course, “work hard“ and are “ambitious” andare smart. ” To make sure“nice” 一but who, first and foremostthey end up with such people,more and more companies are testingapplicants on a range of skills, judgment, and knowledge. Tnaddition

9、, many employers now ask applicants for SAT9) scores(whose correlation with IQ is well established) ； some companiesscreen outlO) those whose scores dont fal1 in the top 5 percent.Yes, some careers do require smarts. But even as high intel1igenceis increasingly treated as a job prerequisite, evidenc

10、e suggeststhat it is not the unalloyedll) advantage its assumed to be. Thelate Harvard Business School professor Chris Argyris argued thatsmart people can make the worst employees, in part because theyrenot used to dealing with failure or criticism. Multiple studies haveconcluded that interpersonal

11、skills, self-awareness, and other“emotional” qualities can be better predictors of strong jobperformance than conventional intelligence. Moreover, many jobs thathave come to require college degrees, ranging from retail manager toadministrative assistant, havent generally gotten harder for theless ed

12、ucated to perform.At the same time, those positions that can still be acquired withouta college degree are disappearing. The list of manufacturing and 1ow-level service jobs that have been taken over, or nearly so, byrobots, online services, apps, kiosksl2) , and other forms ofautomation grows longe

13、r daily. Among the many types of workers forwhom the bell may soon toll： anyone who drives people or thingsaround for a living, thanks to the driverless cars in the works at(for example) Google and the delivery drones undergoing testing at(for example) Amazon, and most people who work in restaurants

14、,thanks to increasingly affordable and people-friendly robots, and toa growing number of apps that let you arrange for a table, place anorder, and pay一all without help from a human being.Meanwhile, our fetishizationl3) of IQ now extends far beyond theworkplace. Intelligence and academic achievement

15、have steadily beenmoving up on rankings of traits desired in a mate； researchers atthe University of Iowa report that intelligence now rates abovedomestic skills, financial success, looks, sociability, andhealth.“Every society through history has picked some traits that magnifysuccess for some, “ says Robert Sternberg, an expert on assessingstudents traits. uWeve picked academic skills. ”What do we mean by intelligence? We devote copiousl4) energy tocataloging the wonderfully different forms it might take一interpersonal, bodily-kinesthetic15) , spatial, and so forth一ultimately leavin