石油名词.docx

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1、一、总类油气地质勘探petro1eumandgasgeo1ogyandexp1oration石油地球物理PetrOIeUmgeophysics地球物理测井geophysica1we111ogging石油-1程petro1eumengineering钻井工程dri11ingengineering油气田开发与开采OiI-gasfie1ddeve1opmentandexp1oitation石油炼制petro1eumprocessing石油化-1petrochemica1processing海洋石油技术OffShOreoi1technique油气集输与储运工程oi1andgasgathering-tr

2、ansportationandstorageengineering石油钻采机械与设备petro1eumdri11ingandproductionequipment油田化学OiIfie1dChemiStry油气藏hydrocarbonreservior油藏oi1reservior气藏gasreservior商业油气藏commercia1hydrocarbonreservior油气田oi1-gasfie1d油田oi1fie1d气田gasfie1d大油气田1argeoi1-gasfie1d特大油气田giantoi1-gasfie1d岩石物性physica1propertiesofrock岩石物理学p

3、ertrophyics野外方法fie1dmethod野外设备fie1dequipment石油petro1eum二、油气地质勘探石油及天然气地质学geo1ogyofoi1andgas石油地质学petro1eumgeo1ogy天然气地质学geo1ogyofnatura1gas石油地球化学petro1eumgeochemistry储层地质学reserviorgeo1ogy油气田地质学geo1ogyofoi1andgasfie1d油气田水文地质学hydrogeo1ogyofoi1andgasfie1d应用地球物理学appiedgeophysics油气田勘探exp1orationofoi1andgasf

4、ie1d天然石油natura1oi1人造石油artificia1oi1原油crudeoi1原油性质oi1property石蜡基原油paraffin-basecrudeoi1环烷基石油napthene-basecrudeoi1中间基原油intermediate-basecrudeoi1芳香基原油aromaticbasecrudeoi1含硫原油su1fur-bearingcrude,sourcrude拔头原油toppedcrude重质原油heavycrudeoi1含蜡原油waxycrudeoi1合成原油syntheticcrude凝析油ndensate,ndensedoi1原油分析crudeoi1

5、ana1ysis,crudeassay原有评价crudeoi1eva1uation石油颜色oi1co1our石油密度oi1densityAPI度APIdegree沥青bitumen,aspha1t沥青质aspha1tene胶质gum熔点me1tingpoint倾点pourpoint凝点freezingpoint闪点f1ashpoint燃点firepoint浊点c1oudpoint湿气wetgas干气drygas酸气sourgas净气sweetgas伴生气associatedgas地质勘探geo1ogica1exp1oration地球物理勘探geophysica1exp1oration地球化学勘

6、探geochemica1exp1oration海上油气勘探OffShOrepetro1eumexp1oration地热勘探geotherma1exp1oration数学地质学mathematica1geo1ogy遥感地质remote-sensinggeo1ogy实验室分析1aboratoryana1ysis油气资源预测assementofpetro1eumresources含油气盆地构造学构造地质学structura1geo1ogy大地构造学geotectonics板块构造学PIateteetoniCS地球动力学geodynamics地质力学geomechanics构造structure构造作

7、用tectonism地壳运动crusta1movement水平运动horizona1movement垂直运动vrtica,movement造山运动OrOgeny造陆运动epeirogeny构造模式structura1mode1构造样式structura1sty1e构造类型tectonictype构造格架tectonicframework应力型式stresspattern压应力compressivestress张应力tensi1estress剪应力shearstress挤压作用COmPreSSion拉张作用extension压扭作用transpression张扭作用transtension左旋S

8、inistra1rotation,1eft1atera1右旋dextra1rotation,right1atera1地幔隆起mant1ebug1e地幔柱mant1ep1ume结晶基底crysta11inebasement沉积盖层sedimentaryver构造旋回tectoniccyc1e构造单元tectonicunit地槽geosync1ine地台p1atform克拉通craton准地槽parageosync1ine准土也台parap1atform地盾shie1d地块massif地向斜geosync1ine地背斜geoantic1ine台向斜p1atformsync1ise台背斜p1atfo

9、rmantic1ise隆起up1ift拗陷depression凸起swe11,convex凹陷sag,ncave长垣p1acantic1ine褶皱fo1d斜坡s1ope阶地terrace构造鼻structura1nose背斜antic1ine向斜sync1ine单斜monoc1ine穹窿dome滚动背斜ro11overantic1ine牵引褶皱dragfo1d披覆褶皱drapefo1d底辟构造diapiricstructure盐丘sa1tdome刺穿盐丘sa1tdiapir盐构造作用ha1okinesis断层fau1t断层生长指数fau1tgrowthindex同生断层contemporane

10、ousfau1t,Synsedimentaryfau1t,growthfau1t正断层norma1fau1t逆断层reversefau1t冲断层thrust上冲断层OVerthrUSt下冲断层underthrust上冲席OVerthrUStSheet走滑断层strike-s1ipfau1t转换断层transformfau1t倾向滑动断层dip-s1ipfau1t犁式断层Iistricfau1t滑脱断层detachmentfau1t地堑graben地垒horst半地堑ha1f-garben推覆体nappe整合conformity不整合UnConfOrmity假整合disconformity断块作

11、用b1ockfau1ting重力滑动作用gravitationa1s1iding地裂运动taphrogeny板块运动p1atemovement俯冲subduction仰冲Obduction板块边界Pateboundary离散边界divergentboundary会聚边界COnVergentbo11ndary转换边界transformboundary大陆边缘continenta1margin活动大陆边缘activecontinenta1margin被动大陆边缘passivecontinenta1margin大陆漂移continenta1accretion板块碰撞p1ateco11ision大陆增

12、生continenta1accretion岛弧is1andarc海沟trench沟弧盆系trench-arc-basinsystem弧前盆地fore-arcbasin弧后盆地back-arcbasin,retroarcbasin弧间盆地interarcbasin边缘海盆地margina1seabasin拗拉槽盆地au1acogenbasin斜坡盆地s1opebasin大陆边缘断陷ntinent-margina1fau1tedbasin大陆边缘三角洲盆地ntinent-margina1de1tabasinIntracratonicbasin内克拉通盆地周缘前陆盆地弧后前陆盆地破裂前陆盆地山前拗陷

13、盆地裂谷盆地riftbasinperiphera1fore1andbasinretroarcfore1andbasinbrokenfore1andbasinpiedmontdepressionbasin复合型盆地compositebasin山间盆地intermontanebasin残留大洋盆地remnantoceanbasin原始大洋裂谷盆地protoceanicriftbasin新生大洋盆地nasntoceanbasin深海平原盆地deep-seap1ainbasin扭张盆地transtensiona1basin扭压盆地Iranspressiona1basin拉分盆地pu11-apartba

14、sin洋壳型盆地OCean-CnJSttypebasin过渡壳型盆地trans计ion-CrUSttypebasin陆壳型盆地continent-crusttypebasin多旋回盆地po1ycyc1icbasin断块盆地b1ockfau1tbasin地堑盆地grabenbasin含油气大区petro1iferousprovince含油气盆地petro1iferousbasin含油气区petro1iferousregion油气集聚带petro1eumaccumu1ationzone盆地分析basinana1ysis沉积学sedimento1ogy沉积物sediment沉积岩sedimentar

15、yrock沉积作用sedimentation,deposition沉积分异作用sedimentarydifferentiation沉积旋回sedimentarycyc1e,depositiona1cyc1e同生作用syngenesis成岩作用diagenesis后生作用epigenesis,catagenesis变生作用metagenesis碎屑岩c1asticrock,detria1rock砂岩sandstone粉砂岩si1tstone砾岩cong1omerate角砾岩breccia火山碎屑岩pyroc1asticrock,vo1canoc1asticrock碳酸盐岩carbonaterock石灰岩1imestone白云岩do1omite,do1ostone泥灰岩mar1粘土岩c1aystone泥质岩argi11ite泥岩mudstone页岩sha1e蒸发岩evaporite盐岩sa1trock可燃有机岩caustobio1ith沉积中心depocenter沉降中心subsidingcenter