定语从句语法经典讲解.docx

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1、定语从句关系词用法定语从句（AttributiveC1auses）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子.被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,WhiCh,as.关系副词有:when,where,whyzhow.关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分.当关系代词做宾语时可以省略.定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.1、关系代词引导的定语从句1）

2、who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday,（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2） Whose用来指人或物,（只用作定语，若指物,它还可以同。fwhich互换），例如：Theyrushedovertohe1pthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.P1easepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.3）whichzthat它们所代替的先

3、行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside,（which/that在句中作宾语）Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped,（which/that在句中作宾语）关系代词that和WhiCh都可以指物,that和Who都可以指人,其用法区别：1）不用that的情况a）在引导非限定性定语从句时（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearso1d,isveryfa

4、moushere.b）介词后不能用Wedependonthe1andfromwhichwegetourfood.C）多用who的情况关系代词在从句中做主语Afriendwhohe1psyouintimeofneedisarea1friend.先行词为those,peop1e时Thosewhowereeitherfoo1sorunfitfortheirofficescou1dnotseethec1oth.先行词为a11,anyone,ones,one指人时Onewhodoesn,tworkhardwi11neversucceedinhiswork.在Therebe句型中Thereisastran

5、gerwhowantstoseeyou.在被分隔的定语从句中Anewteacherwi11cometomorrowwhowi11teachyouGerman.在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用Wh0,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词.Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.Thereisateacherwhoisa1waysreadytohe1pothersandwhoenjoyswhathedoes.2）只能用that作

6、为定语从句的关系代词的情况a）在不定代词,如：anything,nothing,everything,a11,much,few,any,1itt1e等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.A11thatisneededisasupp1yofoi1.Fina11y;thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadsto1entothepo1ice.b）先行词有theon1theverthejust修饰时,只用that.Heistheverymanthathe1pedthegir1outofthewater.c)先行词为序数词(the1ast)、数词、形容词最高级时,只用th

7、at.ThefirstEng1ishbookthatIreadwaszzThePrinceandthePaUPerbyMarkTwin.d)先行词既有人,又有物时.Heta1kedabouttheteachersandschoo1sthathevisited.e)当主句是以Who或WhiCh开始的特殊疑问句时,用that以避免重免.Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.f)关系代词在从句中做表语Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.2、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.1)when

8、,where,why,how关系副词when,where,why,how的含义相当于介词+WhiCh结构,因此常常和介词+which结构交替使用例如：Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyie1d.Beijingisthep1acewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?I,msurprisedthewayhow(bywhich)heworksouttheprob1em.注意：在非限制性定语从句中J介词+which”结构不能代替关系副词.如：Theysetup

9、astatefortheirown,wheretheywou1dbefreetokeepNegroesass1aves.含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开,介词仍放在动词后面.Isthisthebookwhich(that)shewas1ookingfor?3、名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级+介词+关系代词引导定语从句Shehaswrittenabook,thenameofwhichIhaveforgotten.Therearefifty-fivestudentsinourc1ass,a11ofwhomareworkinghard.Therearefivecontinentsinthewor1d,

10、the1argestofwhichisAsia.4、as,which引导非限定性定语从句的差别：由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于andthis或andthat.As一般放在句首,which在句中.Asweknow,smokingisharmfu1tooneshea1th.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.as可引导非限制性从句,常带有，正如郸J意思.Asisknow,smokingisharmfu1tooneshea1th.用法区别：(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而WhiCh不可.Aswea11know,heneversmokes.(2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.非限定性定语从句中出现expect,think,suppose等表示猜测、想象、预料等时.Shesucceededinherdoingtheresearchwork,asweexpected.(4)As的用法thesameas；suchas中的as是一种固定结构，和一样Ishou1d1iketousethesametoo1asisusedhere.Weshou1dhavesuchadictionaryasheisusing.