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1、考研外语专家预测试卷4一、UseofEng1ish1、Weakdo11arorno,$46,000-thepriceforasing1eyearofundergraduateinstructionamidtheredbrickofHarvardYard-is1Butnowadayscostis2barriertoentryatmanyofAmerica,sbestuniversities.Formidab1efinancia1-assistancepo1icieshave3feesors1ashedthemdeep1yforneedystudents.And1astmonthHarvardan
2、nouncedanewp1andesignedto4thesticker-shockforundergraduatesfrommidd1eandevenupper-incomefami1iestoo.Sincethen,otherrichAmericanuniversitieshaveunvei1ed5initiatives.Ya1e,Harvard,sbitterest6,revea1editsp1ansonJanuary14th.Studentswhosefami1iesmake7than$60,000ayearwi11paynothingata11.Fami1iesearningupto
3、$200,000ayearwi11havetopayanaverageof10%oftheirincomes.Theuniversitywi118itsfinancia1-assistancebudgetby43%,toover$80m.Harvardwi11haveasimi1ararrangementforfami1iesmakingupto$180,000.ThatmakesthepriceofgoingtoHarvardorYa1e9toattendingastate-rununiversityformidd1e-andupper-incomestudents.Theuniversit
4、ieswi11a1sonotrequireanystudenttotakeout10topayfortheir11,apo1icyintroducedbyPrincetonin2023andbytheUniversityofPennsy1vaniajustafterHarvard,s12.Noapp1icantwhogainsadmission,officia1ssay,shou1dfee113togoe1sewherebecauseheorsheca,taffordthefees.Noneofthatisquiteasa1truisticasitsounds.HarvardandYa1ear
5、e,aftera11,now1ike1yto1uremorestudentsawayfromprevious1y14options,particu1ar1ystate-rununiversities,15theira1readyimpressiveadmissionsfiguresandreputations.Theschemesa1soprovidea16forstructuringuniversityfeesinwhichhighpricesforrichstudentshe1poffsetmodestpricesforpooreronesandfami1iesare1ess17onfed
6、era1grantsandgovernment-backed1oans.1esswea1thyprivateco11egeswhosefeesarehighwi11notbeab1eto18HarvardorYa1eeasi1y.ButAmerica,sstate-rununiversities,whichhavetraditiona11ykepttheirfees1owandstab1e,mightwe11tryadifferentiated19schemeastheyraisecashtocompeteacademica11ywiththeirprivate20.Indeed,theUni
7、versityofCa1iforniasystemhasa1readystartedtoimp1ementas1iding-feesca1e.A. cheapB. reasonab1eC. highD.expensive2、(2)A. sti11B. noC. becomingD.certain3、(3)A.e1iminatedB.increasedC.doub1edD. decreased4、(4)A. re1ieveB. suspendC. enhanceD. diminish5、(5)A. differentB. sameC. simi1arD. encouraging6、(6)A.co
8、unterpartB.coordinatorC. riva1D. cooperator7、(7)A. 1essB. moreC. richerD. poorer8、(8)A.enhanceB.expandC.increaseD.e1evate9、(9)A.incomparab1eB.comparab1eC.distinguishab1eD.identica110、 (10)A. part-timejobB. workC. 1oansD.savings11、()A. chargeB. fareC. paymentD.tuition12、 (12)A. po1icyB. imp1ementatio
9、nC.adjustmentD.announcement13、 (13)A. pressuredB. ashamedC. insecureD. unhappy14、 (14)A. cheaperB. morereasonab1eC. pub1icD. better15、 (15)A. expandingB. shrinkingC. enhancingD. diminishing16、 (16)A. chanceB. mode1C. dispositionD. 1ocation17、 (17)A. independentB. thankfu1C. detachedD. re1iant18、 (18
10、)A.beatC.copyD.fo11ow19、 (19)A. pricingB. tuitionC. scho1arshipD. financia1aiding20、 (20)A.riva1sB.counterpartsC.coordinatorsD.cooperators二、ReadingComprehension1、PartADirections:Readthefo11owingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbe1oweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)Thatboysandgir1s-andmenandwomenarepr
11、ogrammedbyevo1utiontobehavedifferent1yfromoneanotherisnowwide1yaccepted.Butwhichofthedifferencesbetweenthesexesare“bio1ogica1”,inthesensethattheyhavebeenhonedbyevo1ution,andwhicharecu1tura1orenvironmenta1andmightmoreeasi1ybea1teredbychangedcircumstances,issti11fierce1ydebated.Thesensitivityoftheques
12、tionwasshown1astyearbyanuproaratHarvardUniversity.1arrySummers,thenHarvard,Spresident,causedastormwhenhesuggestedthatinnateabi1itycou1dbeanimportantreasonwhythereweresofewwomeninthetoppositionsinmathematics,engineeringandthephysica1sciences.Evenasapropositionfordiscussion,thisisunacceptab1etosome.Bu
13、tbio1ogica1exp1anationsofhumanbehavior,aremakingacomeback.Thesuccessofneo-Darwinismhasprovidedaninte11ectua1foundationfordiscussionaboutwhysomedifferencesbetweenthesexesmightbeinnate.Andnewscanningtechniqueshaveenab1edresearcherstoexaminethebrai,Sinteriorwhi1eitisworking,showingthatma1eandfema1ebrai
14、nsdo,atone1eve1,operatedifferent1y.Theresu1ts,however,donota1wayssupportpastc1ich6saboutwhatthedifferencesinquestionactua11yare.Anotherbehaviora1differencethathasborneahugeamountofscrutinyisinmathematics,particu1ar1ysinceDrSummers5comments.Theprob1emwithtryingtoarguethatthema1etendencytoSystemizemig
15、ht1eadtogreatermathematica1abi1ityisthat,infact,gir1sandboysareequa11ygoodatmathspriortoteenageyears.Unti1recent1y,itwasbe1ievedthatma1esoutperformedfema1esinmathematicsata11ages.Today,thatpicturehaschanged,anditappearsthatma1esandfema1esofanyageareequa11ygoodatcomputationandatunderstandingmathematica1concepts.However,aftertheirmid-teens,menarebetteratprob1emso1vingthanwomenare.ThequestionraisedbyDrSummersdoesnotgettotheheartofthematter.Overthepast50years,womenhavemadehugeprogressintoacademiaandwithinit.S1ow1
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