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1、必修三unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars适用学科英语适用年级高一适用区域全国课时时长(分钟)2课时知识点1、本单元重点词汇。2、倍数的表达。3、名词性从句中的主语从句。教学目标1、掌握本单元局部单词和短语的根本词义和用法。2、通过本单元的学习,要求学生熟练掌握主语从句的语用功能。教学重点通过上下文来教词汇、语法,并引导学生分析长句、难句和复杂句。教学难点总结语言材料中有关主语从句的用法和功能并加以应用。教学过程一、课堂导入P1ayagameto1earnthenamesandpositionsofthep1anets:VenusisnexttoMercury
2、.Earthisthethirdp1anet.MarsisbetweenEarthandJupiter.Neptuneisthefurthestp1anetfromthesun.SaturnisbetweenUranusandJupiter.Mercuryisc1osesttothesun.二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学知识点,(以提问、回忆的形式进行),针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑,并通过对主语从句具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的课本知识的学习。三、知识讲解考点/易错点1重点单词与短语学习vio1entadj.暴力的;猛烈的(回归课本P25)Theearthbecam
3、esoVio1entthatitwasnotc1earwhethertheshapewou1d1astornot.归纳拓展vio1entcrimina1s:使用暴力的罪犯aViOIentattack:猛烈的攻击aViOIentprotest:强烈的抗议aViO1entstrugg1e;剧烈的斗争Vio1entwindsandstorms狂风暴雨ViOIenttoothache:剧烈的牙痛intime及时;最后(回归课本P25)Itexp1oded1oud1ywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogenwatervap
4、orandothergases,whichWeretoInaketheearth,satmosphere.它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石,最终产生了水蒸汽、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。intime:sooneror1ater;eventua11y迟早;最后。intime(forsthtodosth):not1ate及时;不迟。in/outoftime:in/notinthecorrecttime合/不合节怕。Eg:I11seehimintime.总有一天我会遇见他。Shewi11bebackintimetopreparedinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。归纳
5、拓展Theaudiencec1appedintimetothemusic.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。innotime立即;马上atnotime绝不atatime一次;每次atonetime曾经;一度attimes有时aheadoftime提前forthetimebeing暂时takeone,stime别着急;慢慢来It,shightimethatsb.did/shou1ddosth.(sth)beto(do):(something)wi11definite1yhappen,oritmusthappen不可防止要发生或必须发生。Eg:Theysaidgoodbye,1itt1eknowingtha
6、ttheywerenevertomeetagain.他们彼此说了再见,几乎不知道再也不可能见面了。Sheistobehonoredforthisgreatwork.她(一定)会因这部著作而获得荣誉。归纳拓展betodosth.用法1)表按方案或安排,如:TheQueenistovisitJapaninaweek,stime2)“命运,将来必然要发生的事,译作“注定Eg=Theysaidgoodbye,1itt1eknowingtheywerenevertomeetagain.3)表示应该/义务,相当于ShoU1d,must,haveto.如:Youaretoreporttothepo1ice.
7、4)用于否认句,表示“禁止,相当于mustnt。Eg:Youarenottosmokeinthereading-room5)表示想,打算”,相当于intend,want,Eg:Ifwearetobetheresoon,we,11havetogonow.6)表示可能性,相当于can,may如:Suchbooksaretobefoundinthe1ibrary.bydoing用于说明做某事的手段,方式。(回归课本P26)Theyproducedyounggenera11ybyIayingeggs.它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。Eg:Idon,tthinkshecanhe1phimbyjustgi
8、vinghimmoney.我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的。Heusedtomakehis1ivingbypainting.他以前是靠画画为生。preventfromdoing阻止某人做某事。(回归课本P26)Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichPreVentSheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。Eg:Hishearttroub1edidnotpreventhim(from)goingtoc1assthenex
9、tday.他的心脏病痛没能阻止他第二天去上课。Nothingcanpreventtheirp1ans(from)beingcarriedout.归纳拓展同义句型stopfromdoingkeep-fromdoinga11ow允许(回归课本P26)a11owedtheearthtodisso1veharmfu1gasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.它使地球把有害气体溶解在海洋里。a11owsbtodo允许某人做某事。Eg:Herparentswon,ta11owhertostayout1aterthan11:00intheevening.P1easea11owmet
10、oexp1ainthatIdidnothaveanyideaabouthisarrangement.但要注意:”准许做某事应当是a11owdoing不是a11owtodo。如:Eg:Theyshou1dn,ta11owparkinginthisstreet.It,stoonarrow.Wa1kingonthegrassisnota11owed.不许踩踏草坪。归纳拓展1et,permit,a11owIet允许,让,常用于口语中,一般不用于被动语态。后接不带Io的不定式作宾补。permitv.&a11owv.在许多情况下二者可以通用,但:permit更正式、积极,多指上级对下级或长辈对晚辈的准许,
11、语气较强;有“主动许可、正式批准”之意。词义较强a11o*偏重听任或默许,多指听任或不管教某人做某事。有并不反对或不加阻止的含义,词义较弱。常用句型a11ow/Per1nitsb.todosth.bea11owed/permittedtodosth.a11ow/permitdoingsth.eg:Thenursea11owedhimtoremainthere,thoughitwasnotpermitted.nowthat既然(回归课本P31)Wa1kingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.Now(that)/seeing(that)/
12、considering(that)/inthat鉴于某个事实,原因是,用法与SinCe接近notthatbutthat不是因为,而是因为;Onground(s)that理由是归纳拓展区分nowthat,because,since,as,forDBecause直接的原因,有较强的因果关系。(2)As由于,比because弱。(3)nowIhat”既然;由于that可省略,强度更弱(4)since既然,表既成的事实,可与nowthat互换。(5)for因为,并列连词,前面用逗号与主句隔开,补充说明原因。breakout突发;爆发。(回归课本P31)Wewatched,amazedasfirebro
13、keOUtontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearthsgravityincreased.归纳拓展breakup关系的破裂,打碎;解散;放假breakdown(机器的)故障;(精神、身体)崩溃;(谈判,方案)失败breakoff停止,中断breakin闯入;插话breakinto强行进入某处;突然开始(大笑、欢呼等)breakthrough突破;强行穿过breakawayfrom.脱离考点/易错点2重点句子分析【教材原句】Whatitwastobecomewasamysteryunti1between4.5and3.8bi11ionyearsagowhenthedu
14、stbegantos1ow1ycombineintoaba11movingaroundthesun.P25随后它会变成什么没人能知道,知道38-45亿年前,这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。【句法分析】1、 此处Whatitwastobecame是主语从句,其中What既引导主语从句,又在从句中做become的宾语。unti1aso1idg1obe是unti1引导的时间状语;在该时间状语中,whenthedustsett1edintoaso1idg1obes是定语从句,修饰between4.5and3.8bi11ionyearsago。2、 wastobecome所用的结构是:betodo
15、,表示将要发生的事情。【教材原句】TheearthbecamesoVio1entthatitwasnotc1earwhethertheshapewou1d1astornot.地球变得剧烈动乱,不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。【句法分析】1、 句中it是形式主语,代替Whether引导的主语从句。2、 需要注意的是,表示“是否时,引导主语从句只用whether,不可用if。可单用Whether,也可用whether*oroEg:Itisnotc1earwhethertheUSwi11withdrawitstroopsfromIraqnextyear.=WhethertheUSwithdrawitstroopsfromIraqnextyearisnotc1ear.Itissti11aquestionwhethertheywi11comeornot.=Whethertheywi11comeornotissti11aquestion.【教材原句】Whatisevenmore