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1、CENTER黑MINNOVATIONDigita1Equity2.0:HowtoC1osetheDataDivideByGi11ianDiebo1dandDanie1CastroMay8,2023TheUnitedStateshasstrivedtoaddressdigita1inequitiesintheInterneteconomythroughprogramsthatcombatthe“digita1divide.Butinthedataeconomy,anumberofsocia1andeconomicinequitiesarisefroma1ackofdataco11ectionor
2、useofdata.Theseinequitiesthe“datadivide,requirenewpo1icyso1utionstoensurethata11Americansarerepresentedindataandcanputittouse.Totack1ethisnewcha11enge,po1icymakersfacetwostark1ydifferentoptions:OptionA)ho1dbackdataco11ectionanddata-driventechno1ogiesunti1theyareequitab1eforeveryone;oroptionB)a11owth
3、edata-driventechno1ogiestoprosperwhi1eworkingtoincreaseaccessforeveryone.Toc1osethedigita1divide,U.S.po1icymakershavechosenoptionB.Butforthedatadivide,manyaref1irtingwithoptionA,whentheyshou1dbechoosingoptionB.INTRODUCTIONForthe1astdecade,c1osingthedigita1divide,orthegapbetweenthosesubscribingtobroa
4、dbandandthosenotsubscribing,hasbeenatoppriorityforpo1icymakers.Buthigh-speedInternetandcomputingdeviceaccessareno1ongertheon1ybarrierstofu11yparticipatingandbenefitingfromthedigita1economy.Dataisa1soincreasing1yessentia1,inc1udinginhea1thcare,financia1services,andeducation.1ikethedigita1divide,agaph
5、asemergedbetweenthedatahavesandthedatahave-nots,andthisgaphasintroducedanewsetofinequities:thedatadivide.PoIicymakershaveputagreatdea1ofeffortintoc1osingthedigita1divide,andthereisnownear-universa1acceptanceofthenotionthatobtainingwidespreadInternetaccessgeneratessocia1andeconomicbenefits.Butc1osing
6、thedatadividehasreceived1itt1eattention.Moreover,effortstoimprovedataco11ectionaretypica11yovershadowedbyprivacyadvocates*warningsagainstco11ectinganydata.Infact,un1ikethedigita1divide,manyignorethedatadivideorarguethatthewaytoc1oseitistoco11ectvast1y1essdata.1Butwithoutsubstantia1effortstoincreased
7、atarepresentationandaccess,certainindividua1sandcommunitieswi11be1eftbehindinanincreasing1ydata-drivenwor1d.Thisreportdescribesthemu1tiprongedeffortsneededtoaddressdigita1inequity.Forthedigita1divide,po1icymakershaveexpandeddigita1connectivity,increaseddigita11iteracy,andimprovedaccesstodigita1devic
8、es.Forthedatadivide,po1icymakersshou1dsimi1ar1ytakeaho1isticapproach,inc1udingbyba1ancingprivacyanddatainnovation,increasingdataco11ectioneffortsacrossawidearrayoffronts,enhancingaccesstodata,improvingdataqua1ity,andimprovingdataana1yticsefforts.App1ying1essonsfromthedigita1dividetothisnewcha11engew
9、i11he1ppo1icymakersdesigneffectiveandefficientpo1icyandcreateamoreequitab1eandeffectivedataeconomyfora11Americans.TheNeedforaData-R1chSocietyData1eadstobetterunderstandinganddecision-makingamongindividua1s,businesses,andgovernment.Individua1susedatatomakebetterdecisionsabouteverythingfromwhattheybuy
10、tohowtheyp1anforthefuture.Businessesusedatatofindnewcustomers,automateprocesses,deve1opandimproveproductsandservices,andinformbusinessdecisions.Governmentagenciesusedatatocutcosts,improvesocia1services,andkeepcitizenssafe.Adata-richsocietybringsbenefitsinabroadrangeofareas,asshowninTab1e1.Toensurea1
11、1Americansreceivethesebenefits,po1icymakersshou1dcommittoc1osingthedatadivide.Tab1e1:Tenexamp1esofthebenefitsofdata1rivenInnovationDomainUseCasePubIIcHeatthTheU.S.CentersforDiseaseContro1usessocia1networkana1ysistobetterunderstandandstemthespreadofcommunicab1ediseases.EducationSchoo1teachersandadmin
12、istratorsprovidepreemptiveinterventionsforstudentsatriskoffa11ingbehindwiththehe1pofpredictiveana1ytics.TransportationThecityofAustin,Texas,usesrea1-timetrafficdatatotime1ightchanges,reducecongestion,andquantifyemissions.DomainUseCaseEmrfronmefrtScientificresearchersusesate11iteimagestomonitorformin
13、gcrevassesing1aciersandpredictfuturerisesinsea1eve1s.PubIIcSafetyNewYorkCity,sFireDepartmentprioritizesinspectionsbasedonriskassessmentsderivedfrombui1dingdata,whichhasresu1tedinthecityreducingthenumberofannua1firedeathstothe1owestsincerecordkeepingbeganin1916.RetaMUserreviewsonsitessuchasAmazonorYe
14、1phe1pconsumersdiscovertheproductsandretai1ersthey1ikebest.GOYem1MntTheU.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommissionana1yzesreportingdatafrompub1ic1ytradedcompaniestoidentifysuspiciousfi1ingsandinformfraudinvestigations.EnefyWindenergycompaniesusecomp1exweathermode1stodeterminetheoptima11ocationsfortheirturbi
15、nes.ManufacturingAmazonusespredictivemode1ingoninventorydatatocoordinatemanufacturingsupp1ychanges.Po1iciestoc1osethedigita1dmdeStateandfedera1agencieshavebeenworkingformorethanadecadetosupportthedep1oymentofhigh-speedbroadband.Theseeffortsfocusonthreecoreareas:digita1connectivity,digita1ski11s,andd
16、igita1devices.Fifteenfedera1agenciesadminister133programstocombatthedigita1divide.2Somehavebroadbandaccessastheirmainpurpose,othersasonepurpose(ofmany),andothersinc1udebroadbandaccessasananci11arypurpose.Sincethe1990s,concernsaboutgapsinaccessanduseoftheInternetandInternet-connectedtechno1ogieshaspersistedinpo1icyandscho1ar1ydiscussions.3Takingnoteofthevastbenefitsofbroadbandandpotentia11ygr
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