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1、1RENAMe*nniRene*vabteEnewAoencvThecostoffinancingforrenewab1epowerIRENA2023Un1essotherwisestated,materia1inthispub1icationmaybefree1yusedzshared,copied,reproduced,printedand/orstored,providedthatappropriateacknow1edgementisgivenofIRENAasthesourceandcopyrightho1der.Materia1inthispub1icationthatisattr
2、ibutedtothirdpartiesmaybesubjecttoseparatetermsofuseandrestrictions,andappropriatepermissionsfromthesethirdpartiesmayneedtobesecuredbeforeanyuseofsuchmateria1.ISBN:978-92-9260-530-8Citation：IRENA(2023)zThecostoffinancingforrenewab1epower,Internationa1Renewab1eEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi.AboutIRENATheInter
3、nationa1Renewab1eEnergyAgency(IRENA)servesastheprincipa1p1atformforinternationa1co-operation,acentreofexce11ence,arepositoryofpo1icy,techno1ogy,resourceandfinancia1know1edge,andadriverofactiononthegroundtoadvancethetransformationoftheg1oba1energysystem.Ag1oba1intergovernmenta1organisationestab1ished
4、in2011zIRENApromotesthewidespreadadoptionandsustainab1euseofa11formsofrenewab1eenergy,inc1udingbioenergy,geotherma1,hydropower,ocean,so1arandwindenergy,inthepursuitofsustainab1edeve1opment,energyaccess,energysecurity,and1ow-carboneconomicgrowthandprosperity.Acknow1edgmentsThisreportwasauthoredbyMich
5、ae1Tay1or(IRENA),Phi1ippBeiter(Aqui1oEnergyGmbH)andF1orianEg1i(ETHZurich).Semi-structuredinterviewswereconductedbytheauthors,Vasi1iosAnato1itiszBarbaraBreitschopf,MakDukanzJoshuaFragosoGarciazMatthiasJochumzSinghMahendraand1inZheng.Theprojectpartnerswou1d1iketoextendtheirsinceregratitudetoa11thecomp
6、aniesandindividua1sthatcontributedtothisstudybyprovidingtheirva1uab1einsightsattheWorkshopin2019zthroughtheon1inesurveyandininterviews.Aspecia1thankstoGerryBurbridge(MainstreamRenewab1ePower)forhiscontinuoussupporttotheprojectpartnersonfinancingessentia1s,surveyprioritiesanddesign.IRENAwou1da1so1ike
7、tothanktheIEAWindTask53fortheirassistance,aswe11astheGermanFedera1MinistryforEconomicAffairsandEnergyforsupportingthisproject.Forfurtherinformationortoprovidefeedback:pub1icationsirena.orgDisc1aimerThispub1icationandthemateria1hereinareprovidedasis”.A11reasonab1eprecautionshavebeentakenbyIRENAtoveri
8、fythere1iabi1ityofthemateria1inthispub1ication.However,neitherIRENAnoranyofitsofficia1s,agents,dataorotherthird-partycontentprovidersprovidesawarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimp1ied,andtheyacceptnoresponsibi1ityor1iabi1ityforanyconsequenceofuseofthepub1icationormateria1herein.Theinformationcontai
9、nedhereindoesnotnecessari1yrepresenttheviewsofa11MembersofIRENA.Thementionofspecificcompaniesorcertainprojectsorproductsdoesnotimp1ythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyIRENAinpreferencetoothersofasimi1arnaturethatarenotmentioned.Thedesignationsemp1oyedandthepresentationofmateria1hereindonotimp1ytheexp
10、ressionofanyopiniononthepartofIRENAconcerningthe1ega1statusofanyregion,country,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthede1imitationoffrontiersorboundaries.CONTENTSKEYINSIGHTS4INTRODUCTION6RESU1TSFORTHECOSTOFCAPITA1OFSO1ARPV,ONSHOREANDOFFSHOREWIND8Understandingthecontextua1factorsunder1
11、yingthecostofcapita19Renewab1epowergenerationcostofcapita110ExpectedtrendsintheCoCto202513Comparingbenchmarkva1uestosurveydata16Insightsfromtheinterviews18APPROACHANDMETHODO1OGY19REFERENCES22ANNEXI:BENCHMARKTOO1METHODO1OGY23KeyinsightsThecostofcapita1(CoC)forrenewab1esmatters.TheCoCisamajordetermina
12、ntofthetota1pricetopurchasersofe1ectricityfromrenewab1epowergenerationtechno1ogies.IfassumptionsusedfortheCoCarenotaccurate-overtimezbetweencountriesortechno1ogies-thenthecostofe1ectricitymightbesignificant1ymisrepresentedandresu1tinpoorpo1icymaking.Acomprehensivedatabaseonrenewab1eenergyfinancing.T
13、hisIRENAreportpresentsnewCoCdatazobtainedfromanexpertsurveyandinterviewscoveringa11majorwor1dregionsforonshorewind,offshorewindandso1arphotovo1taic(PV).Thecoverageofthissurvey-bothintermsofgeographyandtechno1ogy-isbe1ievedtobeamongthemostwide-rangingofanyexistingdatabaseonrenewab1eenergyfinancing.Ma
14、teria1differencesexistintheCoCacrosscountriesandtechno1ogies.TheweightedaverageCoCobtainedthroughasurveyofexpertsin45countriesvariedfromas1itt1eas1.1%(onshorewindinGermany)toabove10%(so1arPVinUkraine),a11innomina1terms,fortheperiod2019-2023.Theregiona1averageCoCinmaturemarketsacrossthethreerenewab1e
15、energytechno1ogiesconsidered(4.4%inEuropeand5.4%inNorthAmerica)is1ower-sometimesconsiderab1y1ower-thaninemergingmarkets,forinstance,intheAsia-Pacificregion(5.6%)or1atinAmerica(6.9%).RatesintheMidd1eEastandAfricaarethehighest,at8.2%onaverage.Ingenera1,acrossregions,theCoCfortherenewab1escoveredinthis
16、reportis200-300basispointsabovethecountryrisk.1Thereisnosing1eva1uefortheCoCwithinamarketforagiventechno1ogy.Thesurveyresu1tsrevea1edthatinindividua1marketstheCoCforagiventechno1ogyvaried,sometimessignificant1y,acrossrespondents.Forso1arPVinSpain,forinstance,theCoCrangedfrom36%be1owto72%abovetheaverage,whi1eforIta1ytherangewasfrom43%be1owto44%above.TheCoCdependsonthedeve1oper,offtakearrangementsandotherpr
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