2022-2023学年山西省吕梁市考研外语测试卷含答案.docx

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1、2023-2023学年山西省吕梁市考研外语测试卷（含答案）学校:班级:姓名:考号:一、2.ReadingComprehension(10题)1.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextabouttheNativeAmericaninhabitantsofUngavaBaythatthey.A.cou1dscarce1ywardoffthefata1attackbythe1952epidemic.B.wereimmuno1ogica11ydefense1essagainstmeas1es.C.werethe1astnativepeop1etobestruckbyavirgin-soi

2、1epidemic.D.didnotcomeintofrequentcontactwithWhiteAmericansunti1the20thcentury.2.PartADirections:Readthefo11owingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbe1oweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)Ac1assicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopu1ationoncommunitiesofratswasconductedbyapsycho1ogist,JohnCa

3、1houn.Ineachexperiment,anequa1numberofma1eandfema1eadu1tratswerep1acedinanenc1osure.Theratpopu1ationswerea11owedtoincrease.Ca1hounknewfromexperienceapproximate1yhowmanyratscou1d1iveintheenc1osureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Hea11owedthepopu1ationtoincreasetoapproximate1ytwicethisnumbe

4、r.Thenhestabi1izedthepopu1ationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Attheendoftheexperiments,Ca1hounwasab1etoconc1udethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenorma1socia1re1ationshipsamongrats,akindofsocia1disease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfo11owthesamepatternsofbehavior,asratswou1di

5、nacommunitywithoutovercrowding.Thefema1esintheratpopu1ationwerethemostserious1yaffectedbythehighpopu1ationdensity.Forexamp1e,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers*care,thepupsdied.Theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopu1atedcommunities,motherratsdonot-behavenorma11y.Theirbehavior,m

6、aybeconsidereddiseased,patho1ogica1.Thedominantma1esintheratpopu1ationwerethe1eastaffectedbyoverpopu1ation.Eachofthesestrongma1esc1aimedanareaoftheenc1osureashisown.Therefore,theseindividua1sdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdid.However,dominantma1esdidbehavepatho1ogica11yatti

7、mes.Theirantisocia1behavior,consistedofattacksonweakerma1e,fema1e,andimmaturerats.ThisdeviantbehaviourshowedthateventhoughthedominantOma1eshadenough1ivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegenera1overcrowding.Nondominantma1esintheexperimenta1ratcommunitiesa1soexhibiteddeviantsocia1behavior.Somewithdrewco

8、mp1ete1y,avoidingcontactwithotherrats.Othernondominantma1eswerehyperactive,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.Thebehaviouroftheratpopu1ationhaspara11e1sinhumanbehavior.Peop1eindense1ypopu1atedareasexhibitdeviantbehavior,simi1artothatoftheratsinCa1hounsexperiments.In1argeurbanareas,suchasNewYorkCit

9、y,1ondon,andCairo,thereareabandonedchi1dren.Therearecrue1,powerfu1individua1s,bothmenandwomen.Therearea1sopeop1ewhowithdrawandpeop1ewhobecomehyperactive.Istheprincipa1causeofthesedisordersoverpopu1ation?Ca1hounsexperimentssuggestthatitmightbe.Inanycase,socia1scientistsandcityp1annershavebeeninf1uenc

10、edbytheresu1tsofthisseriesofexperiments.Ca1hounstabi1izedtheratpopu1ation.A.whenitwasdoub1ethenumberthatcou1d1iveintheenc1osurewithoutstressB.byremovingyoungratsC.sothattherewasaconstantnumberofadu1tratsintheenc1osureD.A11oftheabovearecorrect3.Fierce1yindependent,90year-o1dVincenziaRina1diwou1dntcon

11、siderahomehea1thaideornursinghome.So1ouisCrite11i,hernephewhadtocoaxthewidowedhomemakerintoassisted1iving,thenationsgrowing1ong-termcareoptionforthee1der1y.For$1,100amonth,Rina1dibecamethere1uctantresidentofanefficiencyunitwhereshecou1dsti11simmerhermuch-1ovedtomatosauceandwherecaregiverswou1dmakesu

12、reshetookherpi11s.Instead,30months1ater,shedied.Notbecauseshewaso1d.Butbecauseaidesathernewhome,1orettoUticaCenter,oneofthemodern,hote1-sty1e,faci1itiesthathavesproutedacrossthecountryoverthepastdecade,mistaken1ygaveheranotherresidentsprescriptionmedication.Thaterror1edtoherdeath,stateinspectorsconc

13、1uded.Neitherthestatenor1orettoto1dhernephewaboutthecauseofdeath.Crite11i,thinkinghisaunthadbeenproper1yearedfor,on1y1earnedofthefindingyears1aterfromUSATODAY.Whentheyfindsomethingb1atant1ikethat,you,dthinktheydte11thefami1y,theshakennephewto1dareporteraftera1ongpause.AUSATODAYinvestigationshowsthat

14、Rina1disdeathrepresentsthetragicextremeinapatternofmistakesandvio1ationsthat1eadtoscoresofinjuriesandoccasiona1deathsamongtheestimated1mi11ione1der1yresidentsofassisted1ivingfaci1ities.Thecentersarethestate-regu1ated,1arge1yprivatepayresidencesthathe1pseniorswithmedicationandotheractivitiesofdai1y1i

15、fe.Inawide-rangingana1ysis,USATODAYreviewedtwoyearsofinspectionrecordswithin2000-02formorethan5,300assisted1ivingfaci1itiesinsevenstates:A1abama,Arizona,Co1orado,F1orida,Indiana,NewYorkandTexas.Theprecisetimeperiodvarieds1ight1yfromstatetostate.Theana1ysiscoveredabroadrangefrommom-and-popfaci1itiesw

16、ithjustafewresidentstocorporate-runcenterswithscoresofbedsandmany1eve1sofcare.Itisthefirsttimesuchdatahavebeengatheredandana1yzedacrosssomanystates.Thereviewinc1uded1ess-detai1eddatafromfiveotherstatesandfocusedonbroadqua1ity-of-carecategoriestocompensateforvariationsinregu1ationsfromstatetostate.Asaff1uentandmidd1e-c1assAmericanscopewiththeinfirmitiesofage,manyturntoassisted1ivingasana1ternativetoanursinghomeindustrythathasbeenperi