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1、语法精讲一一直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的定义：引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出别人的原话，被引用的句子;一是用自己的话报导别人的话，被报导的部分叫做二、直接引语变间接引语需要注意的几点，各种句式变换；从句变化；人称变化;、地点副词、少数动词和的变化。1)各种句式变换1直接引语是陈述句时间接引语为皿引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略)，主句的引述动词主要有say,te11,repeat,exp1ain,think等。如：Hesaid,ttmverybusy.”Hesaid(that)hewasverybusy.注意：如果直接引语是表示时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一
2、般过去时。如：Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”-*TheteachersaidthattheearthRoeSroundthesun.2.直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为：主句的谓语动词Say改为或改为WOnder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzz1ed等。(1) 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为引导的宾语从句。如:SheSaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?”-*Sheaskedmeif(whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.
3、Haveatry：Direct-*IndirectSpeech1. 1i1y:CanakangaroojumphigherthantheEmPireStateBui1ding?Jim:Yes,becausetheEmpireStateBui1dingcantjump!2. Susan:ArentyouWearingyourWeddingringOntheWrongfinger?Jane:YesIam,Imarriedthewrongwoman.(2)选择疑问句变为宾语从句。如：Iaskedhim,“Wi11youstayathomeorgotoafi1mtonight?,fIaskedhimw
4、hetherhewou1dstayathomeorgotoafi1mthatnight.Haveatry：Direct-*IndirectSpeechAverydrunkmancomesoutofthebarandseesanotherverydrunkman.He1ooksupintheskyandsays,IsthattheSUnOrthemoon?Theotherdrunkmananswers,Idontknow.mastrangerheremyse1f.,Thefirstdrunkmanasked(3)特殊疑问句变为WhOwhatWhen等疑问词引导的宾语从句,注意使用如：George
5、said,Whenwi11yougetbackfromShanghai,Mike?”fGeorgeaskedwhenMikewou1dgetbackfromShanghai.Haveatry：Direct-*IndirectSpeech1.1ynn:Wheredoynufindgiantsnai1s?1ucy:Ontheendsoftheirfingers.1ynnasked2.1ynn:WhyisUIhehaDDies1Ie11er?1ucy:Becauseitisinthemidd1eof,fun.1ynnasked：4）.直接引语是近便包时：祈使句变为间接引语的规律一改（）二变（呼语为宾
6、语）三加（）四去（p1ease）1.said/saidto要变成begged/advised/asked/to1d/ordered/warncd等可跟丕定式作宾补的动词。2.呼语变宾语,P1eaSC要去掉3开头的祈使句。Haveatry:Mu1tip1echoices1. Themansaidtome,tTIeasesendforadoctornow!”Themanmeforadoctor.A.ordered.tosend.thenB.to1d.send.nowC.asked.tosend.thenD.asked.send.now2. Themothersaid,44Befriend1ytoo
7、thers,son,Themotherfriend1ytoothers.A.askedhersonbeB.orderedhersontobeC.to1dhersonbeD.to1dhersontobe.直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为What或how引导,也可以用that引导。如：Shesaid,Whata1ove1ydayitis!” *Shesaid/exc1aimedwhata1ove1ydayitwas.Shesaidthatitwasa1ove1yday.补充：除了say,间接引语谓语动词可根据语义选择其它动词。 “Ididit” Headmittedthathehaddoneit. H
8、ewasrudetome.” SheComD1ainedhe,dbeenrudetoher. Youarc1ate.* HewhisperedthatIwas1ate. ticanspeaksix1anguages?Heboastedhecou1dspeaksix1anguages.2）从句时态变化：如主目谓语动词为过去或，则间接引语中的动词应变为o（完成下表）一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时以下情况从句动词形式无常变化:2、虚拟语气uIfIhadtheinstructionmanua1,Iwou1dknowwhattodo,“saidTom.-*Toms
9、aidthatifhehadtheinstructionmanua1hewou1dknowwhattodo.3.某些情态动词，如,might,cou1d,hadbetter,usedto“Weusedtoworkinthesamedepartment,Pau1said.- *Pau1saidthattheyusedtoworkinthesamedepartmen1.Dicksaid,thewasrepairinghiscomputeratnineo,c1ock1astnight.”- *Dicksaidhewasrepairinghiscomputeratnineo,c1ockthenight
10、before.如主句,则间接引语中的动词后保持直接引语的原来时态。HeSaySJTmoneofthetopstudentsinmyschoo1.”- *Hesayshe,soneofthetopstudentsinhisschoo1.3）人称变化：请记住下面的顺口溜：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”如：Heoftensays“Isha11te11youaboutthem.”-*Heoftensayshesha11te11meaboutthem.4）指示代词、地点副词和少数动词（完成表格）直接间接直接间接thistheseherecomebringnowthreeyearsago1astwee
11、k/yearthisyearnextweek/yeartodayyesterdaytomorrow直接引语变间接引语的基本规则：直接引语改间接引语“过四关”去掉引号后，事实上是一个含宾语从句的主从复合句（祈使句除外）。主语+谓语+引导词（that/whether,if/wh-）+作宾语的句子1 .引导词（判断句子类别，选择引导词：1ha1whether,if/特殊疑问词）2 .语序（陈述语序；注意人称变化：【主宾In不变）3 .时态（主句（过去时）+从句（相应的过去时）主句（现在/将来时）+从句（不变）注意：无需变化的特殊情况（真理、虚拟、部分情态动词、过去进行）4 .细节（指示代词、地点副词、少数动词和时间状语）
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