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1、3个贵州慧技品种农艺性状及光合特性研究徐剑李建容赵懿琛赵德刚表1供试慧诙成熟期农艺性状Tab. 1 Agronomic traits of the testedJobs tears varieties at maturity性状兴仁小白壳黔港欣1号 黔意恢2号株高(cm)茎粗(rm)茎节数(个)分篥数(个)粒长( in)粒宽(cm)172. 1225.06* el.870. 1210. IOL 16* 3. 88l.400.9920.070.685 0.41191.8OI7.201.900.2111.52O. 964. 181.60*l.()430. 100.6700.40195.0717.
2、832. 240. 23 * *11.30(). 934.982.07 10. 8580. 140. 6480.56注:表示显所一表示极M并.N = 60摘要:卷探究贵州意获农艺性状及光合生理特性,以兴仁小白壳、黔意获1号、黔意技2号进行田间小区试验,测量其农艺性状并测定光合特性日变化,以期为发掘高产的意或品种提供理论依据。结果表明:黔葭族1号的茎粗、分集数、单株产量、主茎产量均显著高于黔慧萩2号和兴仁小白壳;黔慧荻2号的株高、茎节数、分荣数显著低于兴仁小白壳。3个蕙萩品种之间的净光合速率、气孔导度及胞间C02浓度日变化趋势均不同,兴仁小白壳和黔意放1号各自在13: 00、14: 00出现午休
3、现象,表现为黔蕙萩1号、黔蕙萩2号净光合速率显著高于兴仁小白壳,黔慧萩1号净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间C02浓度及蒸腾速率均显著低于其它两个品种,此后逐渐升高,16: 00时达到峰值并显著高于其它两个意萩品种。蒸腾速率兴仁小白壳在10: 00-11: 00. 14: 0015: 00时间段高于黔蕙萩1号、黔蕙萩2号。Key:慧技;农艺性状;光合作用:S5:1008-0457 (2019) 05-0065-05 国际 DOI 编码:10. 15958/j. cnki. sdnyswxb. 2019. 05. 011Study on Agronomic and Photosynthetic Char
4、acteristics of Three Jobs Tears (Coix Lachryma-jobi L. ) Varieties of Guizhou ProvinceXU Jianl, LI Jian-rongl, ZHAO Yi-chenl, 2*, ZHAO De-gangl, 2, 3(1.School of life sciences Guizhou University Institute of Agro-Bioengineering; The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources ConservationGermplasm Innovation
5、in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education),Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang,Guizhou 550025, China;2. Schoolof Tea Sciences, Guizhou University,Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China;3.Guizhou Academy of agriculturalSciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550006, China)Abstract: Tn order t
6、o explore the agronomic traits and photosyntheticphysiological characteristics of Job s Tears (Coix Lachryma-jobiL. ) in Guizhou, a field experiment was conducted using Xingrensmall white shell, Guizhou coix No. 1, Guizhou coix No. 2 as testedmaterials, and the agronomic traits and the diurnal varia
7、tion ofphotosynthetic characteristics was measured to provide theoreticalbasis for exploiting high-yield Job, s Tears variety varieties. Theresults showed that the stem diameter, tiller number, yield perplant and main stem yield of Guizhou coix No. 1 were significantlyhigher than that of Guizhou coi
8、x No. 2 and Xingren small white shell;plant height, stem number and tiller number of Guizhou coix No. 2were significantly lower than that of Xingren small white shell. Thenet photosynthetic rate, stomatai conductance and intercellular C02concentration were different among the three Job, s Tears vari
9、eties.The Xingren small white shell and Guizhou coix No. 1 appeared amidday depression of photosynthesis at 13: 00 and 14: 00,respectively. The net photosynthetic rate of Guizhou coix No. 1 andGuizhou coix No. 2 were significantly higher than that of Xingrensmall white shell. The net photosynthetic
10、rate, stomataiconductance, intercellular C02 concentration and transpiration rateof Guizhou coix No. 1 were significantly lower than those of theother two varieties, but increased gradually and peaked at 16: 00and were significantly higher than those of the other two varieties.The transpiration rate
11、 of Xingren small white shell was higher thanthat of Guizhou coix No. 1 and No. 2 during 10: 0011: 00 and 14: 0015: 00.Key words: Job s Tears (Coix Lachryma-jobi L. ) ; agronomic traits;photosynthesis蕙萩(Coix lachryrm-jobi L.)为禾本科蕙萩属草本植物,是一种药食兼用的小杂粮,具有抗虫、抗涝及耐贫瘠等特点口-2。贵州是慧技起源地之一,意萩种植面积及产量居全国第一,且品种营养成分
12、含量较高3,其代表性品种为兴仁小白壳。兴仁小白壳原产于贵州兴仁县,属地理保护标志品种,常作为亲本用于意技育种4-6。除兴仁小白壳外,黔意技1号及黔意薮2号作为国审品种,灌浆期籽粒干物质积累速率比兴仁小白壳快6。光合作用是作物生产力关键因素之一7,籽粒的干物质增长绝大部分来源于光合作用,并且20%30%干物质与旗叶的光合作用有关8-9。因此,研究意获光合速率有助于挖掘光合性能优异的种质资源。目前关于蕙获拔节期、旺长期和全生育期10-12光合速率的研究已有报道。研究发现意放光合效率大小与植株高大、分菜数和百粒重等有关13,而灌浆期籽粒干物质增长最重要的阶段,其光合速率的研究尚未见报道。本研究以兴仁
13、小白壳、黔慧萩1号和黔意获2号为材料,测量其7个主要农艺性状和5个产量性状,同时测定灌浆期光合特性,采用方差分析对3个贵州慧或品种农艺性状与光合特性进行综合评价,以期为高产的意萩品种选育和目的性状改良提供理论依据。1材料和方法1.1 实验材料与种植条件本研究所用材料兴仁小白壳、黔意技1号、黔意或2号均由贵州省农科院亚热带作物研究所提供,贵州农业生物工程研究院繁殖并保存。试验于2018年5月4日在贵州大学农业生物工程研究院作物种植基地进行,采用人工起畦穴播法,种植面积为19. 39 m2,每穴45粒种子,每穴株行距5060 cmX7080 cm,待幼苗点:出34真叶时进行间苗,每穴留1株苗,每个
14、品种种植3行,每行20株,常规肥水管理。自播种之日起到种子成熟,观察记录全生育期及农艺性状测量。种植及农艺性状测量参照张喜瑞14方法,种植方式略有改动。1.2 农艺性状和光合生理特征测定农艺性状测量为每个品种选取60株,测其株高、主茎粗(基部)、茎节数、分蕤数、粒型(以粒长、粒宽作为测量指标)。种子成熟后进行考种,每个品种选取5株,测其百粒重、主茎产量、单株产量。利用Li6400XT光合仪测定灌浆期兴仁小白壳、黔惹获1号及黔寿获2号的净光合速率(photosynthetic rate, Pn)、气孔导度(stomatai conductance,GS)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Intercellul
15、ar carbon dioxide concentration,Ci)和蒸腾速率(transpiration rate, Tr)。每品种意萩选3株,测其主茎从上往下数第二片完全展开叶,测定时刻为9: 0018: 00,期间每隔1 h测一次,每次重复3次。光合日变化测定参照舒志明等10方法。1.3 数据处理对实验数据用软件Excel 2003进行数据整理,SPSS 22.0进行方差分析,软件GraphPad prism 6 进行作图。2结果与分析2. 1蕙萩农艺性状特征对供试慧技成熟期的株高、茎粗、茎节数、分薨数、粒长、粒宽及收获后的百粒重、单株产量、主茎产量进行测定(表1、表2、表3)。结果表明:兴仁小白壳与黔意荻1号的株高、茎节数、粒长、粒宽、百粒重未达到显著水平,但茎粗、分集数、单株产量、主茎产量分别显著低于黔葭技1号15.296、16. 9%、46.7%、32. 8%;此外,兴仁小白壳与黔慧放2号的茎粗、粒长、粒宽、主茎产量、单株产量、百粒重未达到显著水平,株高、茎节数、分篥数分别显著高于黔慧技2号11.4%、14