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1、高频超声在妇女产前和产后腹直肌变化中的应用研究李莉1邓燕梅1丘青2李杨2余咏宜21.深圳市罗湖医院集团妇幼保健院超声科2,深圳市罗湖医院集团妇幼保健院妇女保健科【摘要】目的:通过高频超声测量妇女产前和产后腹直肌的形态变化,探讨高频超声在腹直肌检查中的应用价值,为临床的产后康复治疗提供直观、可靠的影像学依据。方法:选取我院从2019年7月2023年7月期间产检并纳入排除标准的孕产妇150例,分别从孕12周、孕23周、孕30周、孕37周、产后3天、产后42天、测量左右腹直肌厚度及腹直肌内间距(IRD),观察其产前和产后的变化规律。分析每个时间段左右腹直肌的厚度及腹直肌内间距(IRD)是否具有统计学
2、差异。并在产后42天,根据目前临床共识的诊断标准:腹直肌内间距2cm即为异常分为腹直肌分离组与无分离组,分析两组受检者在同一时间段的腹直肌厚度、IRD的差异以及在同一部位的腹直肌厚度、IRD的差异,最后分析腹直肌分离组中腹直肌厚度及内间距与腹直肌分离(DRA)的相关性。结果:腹直肌分离组孕产妇的孕期增重、剖腹产率及胎儿体重均明显大于腹直肌无分离组(p0.05);腹白线沿线脐上5cm与腹白线脐下3cm腹直肌超声测量结果显示,无分离组产后42天腹直肌厚度明显厚于分离组(p0.05),孕30周、孕37周、产后3天、产后42天各时间段分离组的腹宜肌分离宽度均明显大于无分离组(p0.05);腹白线脐边线
3、腹直肌超声测量结果显示,产后42天腹直肌分离组的腹直肌厚度明显薄于腹直肌无分高组(p0.05):孕30周、孕37周、产后3天、产后42天各时间段分离组的腹直肌分离宽度明显大于无分离组(p0.05);结论:利用高频超声检查手段对腹直肌分离进行辅助观察,能准确地分辨出腹宜肌的结构差异和变化,准确地测量两侧腹直肌间距数值,观察腹直肌分离情况,对发现产后发生DRA具有指导性作用,为临床产后康复治疗提供更多的影像学依据,利于为患者进行早期干预及制定康复计划,帮助产后腹直肌恢复,降低DRA的发生率。【关键词】经腹部高频超声;产后腹直肌分离;孕产妇App1icationofhigh-frequencyu1t
4、rasoundinthechangesofwomen,srectusabdominisbeforeandafterchi1dbirth1I1i1DENGYan-mei1QIUQing21IYang2YUYong-yu21、DepartmentofU1trasoundImaging,Materna1andChi1dHea1thHospita1ofShenzhen1uohuHospita1Group2、Women,sHea1thDepartment,Materna1andChi1dHea1thHospita1ofShenzhen1uohuHospita1GroupAbstractObjective
5、jThemorpho1ogica1changesoftherectusabdominisinwomenbeforeandafterde1iveryweremeasuredbyhigh-frequencyu1trasound,andtheapp1icationva1ueofhigh-frequencyu1trasoundintheexaminationoftherectusabdominiswasexp1oredtoprovideanintuitiveandre1iab1eimagingbasisforc1inica1postpartumds:150casesofpregnantand1ying
6、-inwomenwerese1ectedfromourhospita1fromJu1y2019toJu1y2023andinc1udedintheexc1usioncriteria,inc1uding12weeksofgestation,23weeksofgestation,30weeksofgestation,37weeksofgestation,3daysofpostpartum,and42daysofpostpartum.,Measurethethicknessofthe1eftandrightrectusabdominisandtheinterna1distance(IRD)ofthe
7、rectusabdoministoobservethechangesbeforeandafterde1ivery.Ana1yzewhetherthethicknessofthe1eftandrightrectusabdominisandtheinterna1distance(IRD)oftherectusabdominisarestatistica11ydifferentineachtimeperiod.Andat42dayspostpartum,accordingtothecurrentc1inica1consensusdiagnosticcriteria:thedistancebetwee
8、ntherectusabdominismusc1esisgreaterthan2cm,whichisabnorma1,andtheyaredividedintotherectusabdominisseparationgroupandthenon-separationgroup.Thetwogroupsofsubjectswereana1yzedfortherectusabdominisatthesametimeperiod.Thedifferenceinthickness,IRD,thethicknessoftherectusabdominisatthesamesite,thedifferen
9、ceinIRD,andfina11ythecorre1ationbetweenthethicknessandinterna1distanceoftherectusabdominisintherectusabdominisseparationgroupandtheseparationoftherectusabdominis(DRA)wereana1yzed.Resu1ts:Theweightgainduringpregnancy,therateofcaesareansectionandtheweightofthefetusintherectusabdominisseparationgroupwe
10、resignificant1ygreaterthanthoseoftherectusabdominisgroupwithoutseparation(p0,05);therectusabdomenwas5cmabovetheumbi1icusa1ongthewhite1ineand3cmbe1owthewhite1ine.Musc1eu1trasoundmeasurementresu1tsshowedthatthethicknessoftherectusabdominisinthenon-separatedgroup42dayspostpartumwassignificant1ythickert
11、hanthatoftheseparationgroup(p0.05),andtherectusabdomenoftheseparatedgroupwas30weeksgestation,37weeksgestation,3dayspostpartum,and42dayspostpartum.Thewidthofmusc1eseparationwassignificant1ygreaterthanthatofthenon-separatedgroup(p0,05);theu1trasoundmeasurementresu1tsoftherectusabdominisattheumbi1ica11
12、ineofthewhite1ineshowedthatthethicknessoftherectusabdominisintherectusabdominisseparationgroupwassignificant1ythinnerthantherectusabdominisgroupat42dayspostpartum(P0.05);Theseparationwidthoftherectusabdominisintheseparationgroupat30weeksofgestation,37weeksofgestation,3dayspostpartum,and42dayspostpar
13、tumwassignificant1ygreaterthanthatofthenon-separationgroup(p2cm,妊娠期因激素水平变化及增大的子宫影响,使腹壁肌肉、结缔组织弹性改变和机械性的压力增大,继而发生腹直肌分离,出现腹壁松弛、膨隆,引起产后的腰背部及盆腔疼痛等症状u21有研究表明女性孕期腹直肌的发生率为30QIO0%,产后发生率为35%60%。本研究拟通过高频超声测量产前和产后腹直肌厚度及腹直肌内间距,来评估妇女整个孕期及产后腹直肌的变化情况,为临床产后康复制定合理的治疗方案提供更多的信息。1资料与方法1.1一般资料本组研究对象选取我院从2019年7月2023年7月期间产检产妇,根据研究目的要求,并纳入排除标准的孕产妇150例。患者纳入标准:(1)年龄2136岁的符合婚育妇女;(2)既往无生育史的初产妇;(3)无妊娠高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病等合并症;(4)单胎妊娠;(5)要求在本院分娩,自愿配合妊娠期、产后3天、产后42天腹直肌检测。排除标准:(1)既往有腹部手术史;(2)既往有腹壁疝、脐尿屡等疾病史;(3)既往有DRA诊断史;(4)腹部脂肪过厚、因其他原因而不能配合妊娠期腹直肌检测。(5)既往有慢性咳嗽、慢性便秘史。研究经医院伦理委员会审核批准,所有研究对象均签署相关知情同意书。12方法12