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1、第3讲小数的巧算第一关交换、结合、分配等运算律【知识点】分数运算符合的定律.(1)乘法交换律ab=ba(2)乘法结合律a(bc)=(ab)Xc(3)乘法分配律a(b+c)=ab+ac:a(b-c)=ab-ac(4)逆用乘法分配律abac=a(b+c);ab-ac=a(b-c)(5)互为倒数的两个,数乘积为1.除法的几个重要法则(1)商不变性质被除数和除数乘以(或除以)同一个非零的数,商不变,即ab=(an)(bn)(n0)ab=(am)(bm)(m0)(2)当n个数都除以同一个数后再加减时,可以将它们先加减之后再除以这个数;反之也成立(也可称为除法分配律).如:(ab)c.=acbc:acbc
2、=(ab)c.【例1】计算:796.75-4.72-96.75,-5.28【答案】690【例2】计算73.74+2.47+26.26-26.36+67.53-43.64【答案】100【例3】计算:2.4X2.7+6.3X2.4+9X1.6【答案】36【例4】计算:64.24.12+5.88X28.5+5.8835.7【答案】642【例5】计算:3.852.6+1.50.26-0.12516X0.5【答案】9.4【例6】计算:1.2537.9+12.56.21【答案】125【例7】计算:2.016390+20.1641+201.62【答案】2016【例9】计算:4.1235.7+3.57X47.
3、6+8.88X64.3【答案】888【例10】计算:1-0.1-0.01-0.001-0.0001-0.00001【答案】0.88889【例11】计算:3636.3636363.6+0.009+0.09+0.9+9【答案】20【例12】计算:2999+299.9+29.99+2.999+1.111【答案】3333第二关拆数【知识点】【例13】计算:694.6+.16.223【答案】690【例14】计算:0.125X0.25X0.5X64【答案】1【例15】计算:1.256.2116+5.8【答案】130【例16】计算:150X13+1.3X50【答案】2015【例17】计算:11.8X43-8
4、60X0.09【答案】430【例18】计算:96.759+64.531+32.2511【答案】3225【例19】计算:60.450.28-0.403037【例20】计算:2.52.73.4+55.46.8+7.58.1X10.2+1010.813.6+12.513.517【答案】5163.75【例21】计算:5.56.6+6.67.7+7.78.8+8.89.9【答案】242【例22】计算:41.28.1+119.25+5370.19【答案】537.5【例23】计算:3006+300.6+30.06+3.006【答案】3339.666【例24】计算:784070+78407.1+7840.72
5、+784.073+78.4074【答案】871180.3004【例25】计算:2004.051997.05-2001.051999.05【答案】1989.05第三关凑整【知识点】补数:如果两数的和恰好能凑成10,100,1000,,那么,就把其中一个数叫做另一个数的补数,且这两个数互为补数.例如:8和2互为补敷,27.3和72.7互为补数【例26】计算:9+9.9【答案】18,9【例27】计算:9+9.99+9.999【答案】28.989【例28】计算:1998+199.8+.19.98+1.998【答.案】2219.778【例29】计算:1.9999+19.999+199.99+1999.9
6、+19999【答案】22220.8889【例30】计算:7999.99+799.99+79.99+7.99+8.99+89.99+899.99+8999.99【例31】计算:0.9+0.99+.+0.999999999【答案】8.888888889【例32】计算:1994+199.4+19.94+1.994【答案】2215.334【例33】计算:0.7+9.7+99.7+9.99.7+9999.7+99999.7+999999.7+9999999.7+99999999.7+999999999.7【答案】II1111I108第四关分组【知识点】【例34】计算:(5.62.70.487.4)(0.
7、12370.289)【答案】4.8【例35】计算:(12X21X45X10.2)(1540.751)【答案】54【例36】计算:6.1+6.3+6.5+.+9.9-6.2-6.4-9.8【答案】8【例37】计算:1.2+1.3+1.4+1.6+1.7+1.8+2+2.22.3+2.4+2.6+2.7+2.8【答案】26【例38】计算:2006+200.6+20.06+2.006+994+99.4+9.94+0.994【答案】3333【例39】计算:6.11+9.22+8.33+7.44+5.55+4.56+3.67+2.78+1.89【答案】49.55【例40】计算:7.327+7.48+7.
8、633+7.786+7.939+8.902+8.245+8.398+8.551+8.704+8.857+9.01+9.163【答案】107.995【例41】计算:.0625+0.125+0.1875+0.25+0.3125+0.375+0.4375+0.5+0.5625+0.625+0.6875+0.75+0.8125+0.875+0.9375【答案】7.5第五关设数【知识点】将相同部分用字母表.示,从而简化运算。【例42】计算:(1+0.43+0.29)X(0.43+0.29+0.87)-(1+0.43+0.29+0.87)X(0.43+0.29)【答案】0.5776【例43】计算:(2+3
9、.15+5.87)X(3.15+5.87+7.32)-(2+3.15+5.87+7.32)X(3.15+5.87)【答案】14.64第六关等差数列【知识点】等差数列通项公式:(首数+尾数)X项数:2=和【例44】计算:0.1+0.2+0.3-0.8+0.9+1【答案】5.5【例45】计算:0.01+0.03+0.05+0.99+0.02+0.04+0.98【答案】49.5【例46】计算:1.001+1.005+1.0091.013+-+1.197【答案】54.95【例47】计算:0.02+0.040.06+-+20.04+20.06+20.08【答案】10090.2【例48】计算:12+12.1+12.2+12.3+.+12.9【答案】124.5【例49】求和:0.1+0.2+0.3+9.8+9.9+10+9.9+9.8+-.0.3+0.2+0.1【答案】IOOo【例50】计算:0.1+0.3+0.5+0.7+0.9+0.11+0.13+0.150.17+0.19+.+0.99【答案】27.25