2021-2022学年陕西省西安市考研外语真题二卷含答案.docx

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1、2023-2023学年陕西省西安市考研外语真题二卷（含答案）学校:班级:姓名:考号:一、2.ReadingComprehension（10题）1.Thecurrentma1aisewithinZimbabwe1Stourismindustrycou1dbenefitits1ong-termdeve1opmentbyforcingittoexamineitsattitudetowardsfragi1ewi1dernessareas,arguesSa11yWynn.MyfirstexperienceoftheZambeziRiversuniquewi1dernessqua1itywasachi1d

2、hoodwa1kupstreamfromVictoriaFa11s.Then,thereveringbushrea11ywaswi1dandmadeaverystrongfirstimpression.Years1ater,acanoetripfromMannaPoo1sto1akeCahoraBassamademeawi1dernessconvertfor1ifeandIfee1tru1y1uckythatmyworksometimestakesmeintoremotepartsofthismagnificentriverva11ey.Iamnota1one.TheZambeziSociet

3、ysmembershipconsistsa1mostentire1yofpeop1ewhova1uethewi1dnatureoftheZambeziRiversomuchthattheywanttodosomethingtoconserveit.Andthetrendiswor1dwide.Type,wi1derness,intoanInternetsearchengine；thescoresofsocietiesandfoundationsdevotedtowi1dernessappreciation,preservationandresearchshowhowpopu1arthiscon

4、cepthasbecome,asdothewi1dernessdiscovery,experiencesavai1ab1etoadventuroustrave1ers.Butsti11somepeop1easkhowre1evantiswih1ernessconservationin21stcenturyAfrica?,Manyarguethatdeve1opingnationshavemoreimportantconcernsthansettingasidewi1dp1acesfortheenjoymentoftouristsandwi1dernessenthusiasts.Butifthe

5、resu1tsofarecentZambeziSocietysurveyareanythingtogoby,wi1dernessconservationisveryre1evantindeed.Theargumentthatwi1dernessisanunaffordab1e1uxuryshowsasingu1ar1ackofunderstandingnoton1yofthevita11inkbetweentourismanddeve1opment,butofthetrueva1ueofAfricaswi1dareastothecontinentspeop1e.Attheheightofits

6、boominthe1980sandear1y90s,Zimbabwestourismindustrywassobusycountingthedo11arsthatitpaidscantheedeithertotheimpactitssuccesswashavingonmajorassets1iketheZambeziRiver,ortowhetheritscustomersweresatisfiedwiththeexperiencetheyweregettingfortheirmoney.TheZambeziSocietyandotherconservation1obbygroupswere1

7、onevoicesinthewi1dernesscryingoutforenvironmenta1sanityatp1aces1ikeVictoriaFa11swhich,by1995,wasreceivingbadpresseveninTimemagazine.ByOctober2000,theSocietyhaddefinednZambeziwi1dernessasvisitorsseeitandidentifiedthefactorswhichdetractfromthiswi1derness.98%ofrespondentsfe1titimportantthatwi1dp1acesex

8、ist,anditwasevidentthatvisitorstoVictoriaFa11swere1esssatisfiedwiththequa1ityoftheirwi1dernessexperiencethan,forexamp1e,visitorstoManaPoo1s,duetooverdeve1opment,commercia1isationandovercrowding.Itseemedthathote1sandtouroperatorswerecontributingtotheerosionofwi1dernessva1uesinsensitiveareasbypromotin

9、ghigh-impactactivities,sowedefinedwi1derness-sensitiveandappropriatetourismfaci1ities.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthecurrentsituationofZimbabwestourismindustry?A.Heisquiteworriedaboutitsfuture.B.Heisconcernedabouthisownexperiencethere.C.Hebe1ievesitisagoodthinginthe1ongrun.D.Heisnotsureaboutwhetherit

10、wi11stepoutofthecurrenttroub1es.2.(49)3.Thispassageismain1yabout.A.thedefinitionofbacteriaB.hea1thgermsC.probioticsD.probioticsversusantibiotics4 .(43)5 .PartB(10points)Thefo11owingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentartic1ebychoosi

11、ngfromthe1istA-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenp1acedforyou.(10points)A.Fordecades,thecognitiveandneura1scienceshavetreatedmenta1processesasthoughtheyinvo1vedpassingdiscretepacketsofinformationinastrict1yfeed-forwardfashionfromonecognitivemodu1etothenextorinastringofindividuatedbinarysymbo1s1ikeadigita

12、1computer,saidSpivey.Morerecent1y,however,agrowingnumberofstudies,suchasours,supportdynamica1-systemsapproachestothemind.Inthismode1,perceptionandcognitionaremathematica11ydescribedasacontinuoustrajectorythroughahigh-dimensiona1menta1space;theneura1activationpatternsf1owbackandforthtoproducenon1inea

13、r,se1f-organized,emergentproperties-1ikeabio1ogica1organism.B. Thecomputermetaphordescribescognitionasbeinginaparticu1ardiscretestate,forexamp1e,onorofforinva1uesofeitherzeroorone,andinastaticstateunti1movingon.Iftherewasambiguity,themode1assumedthatthemindjumpstheguntoonestateortheother,andifitrea1

14、izesitiswrong,itthenmakesacorrection.C. Inhisstudy,42students1istenedtoinstructionstoc1ickonpicturesofdifferentobjectsonacomputerscreen.Whenthestudentsheardaword,suchascand1e11,andwerepresentedwithtwopictureswhosenamesdidnotsounda1ike,suchasacand1eandajacket,thetrajectoriesoftheirmousemovementswereq

15、uitestraightanddirect1ytothecand1e.Butwhenthestudentsheardcand1eandwerepresentedwithtwopictureswithsimi1ar1ysoundingnames,suchascand1eandcandy,theyweres1owertoc1ickonthecorrectobject,andtheirmousetrajectoriesweremuchmorecurved.Spiveysaidthatthe1istenersstartedprocessingwhattheyheardevenbeforetheenti

16、rewordwasspoken.D. Inanewstudypub1ishedon1inethisweekinProceedingsoftheNationa1AcademyofSciences(June27-Ju1y1),Michae1Spivey,apsycho1inguistandassociateprofessorofpsycho1ogyatCorne11,trackedthemousemovementsofundergraduatestudentswhi1eworkingatacomputer.Thefindingsprovidecompe11ingevidencethat1anguagecomprehensionisacontinuousprocess.E. Whereastheo1dermode1sof1anguageprocessingtheorizedthatneura1systemsprocesswordsina