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1、IPinterconnectionontheInternet:aEuropeanperspectivefor2023DavidAbecassis,Michae1Kende,GunizKama22September2023Ref:658783998-391ContentsExecutivesummary11 Introductionandcontext61.1 Proposa1sareemergingtoregu1ateInternetinterconnectionandimposeregu1atednetworkusagefeepaymentsfromInternetcompaniestoIS
2、Ps61.2 InternetinterconnectionissupportedbyinvestmentsbyISPsandInternetcompaniesa1ike,andsupportawiderangeofservicesinc1udingpub1icc1oud71.3 Thispapercontributesahistorica1perspective,withafocusonrecenttrendsandtheimpactofregu1atedfeesonEuropeanstakeho1dersinc1udingpub1icc1oudusers82 Abriefoverviewo
3、fInternetinterconnection102.1 InterconnectionontheInternethasbeenunregu1atedsinceitscreation102.2 ThefabricofinterconnectionontheInternetevo1vedtosupportnewservices,inc1udingpub1icc1oudandvideostreaming,withouttheneedforregu1ation122.3 Commercia1interconnectionbetweencontentprovidersandISPsisbasedon
4、aba1anceofbargainingpowerthatbenefitsa11stakeho1ders153 Recentdeve1opmentsintheinterconnectionmarket173.1 ThetrendsidentifiedbyBERECin2017areprogressinginawaythatremainsconsistentwithear1ierfindings183.2 InterconnectiondisputesprovideevidenceofISPs,terminationmonopo1y233.3 ManyEuropeanbusinessesacce
5、ssandusepub1icc1oudservices,withtrafficexchangesthroughnegotiatedinterconnectionarrangements274 Possib1eimp1icationsofnetworkusagefeesonEuropeanstakeho1ders294.1 Proponentsofnetworkusagefeeshavesofarfai1edtoprovideconvincingjustificationforregu1atoryinterventioninEurope294.2 Regu1ationofInternetinte
6、rconnectioninSouthKoreahas1edtoworseoutcomesintermsofSouthKoreasconnectednesstotheg1oba1Internet314.3 Networkusagefeeswou1ddisrupttheentireInternet,inc1udingEuropeancompanieswhore1yonseam1ess,efficientinterconnectiontoaccessandusec1oudservices33Disc1aimerandacknow1edgements:Thisreportwascommissioned
7、andsponsoredbyAmazonWebServices(AWS),Goog1eandMicrosoft(co11ective1y,thesponsors*)andpreparedindependent1ybyAna1ysysMason,ag1oba1consu1tancyspecia1isinginte1ecoms,mediaandtechno1ogy.Ana1ysysMasonisgratefu1fora11inputsduringtheresearchandpreparationofthisreport,inc1udingdiscussionswithanumberoforgani
8、sations.Theana1ysiscontainedinthisdocumentistheso1eresponsibi1ityofAna1ysysMasonanddoesnotnecessari1yref1ecttheviewsofAWS,Goog1eorMicrosoft,orofothercontributorstotheresearch.Confidentia1ityNotice:Un1esspub1ished,thisdocumentandtheinformationcontainedhereinarestrict1yprivateandconfidentia1,andareso1
9、e1yfortheuseofauthorisedrecipientsofthisreport.Ifthispaperispub1ished,anyreferencetoitmustacknow1edgeAna1ysysMasonastheauthorandinc1udea1inktothefu11reportonAna1ysysMason,swebsite.Copyright2023.Ana1ysysMasonhasproducedtheinformationcontainedhereinforthesponsors.Theownership,useanddisc1osureofthisinf
10、ormationaresubjecttotheCommercia1Termscontainedinthecontractua1agreementsbetweenAna1ysysMasonandthesponsors.Ana1ysysMason1imitedNorthWestWing,BushHouseA1dwych1ondonWC2B4PJUKTe1:+44(0)20739590001ondonRegisteredinEng1andandWa1esNo.5177472ExecutivesummaryAnumberof1argete1ecomsoperatorsinEurope,underthe
11、umbre11aoftheEuropeanTe1ecommunicationsNetworkOperators(ETNO)organisation,haverecent1yre-introducedtheideathatasInternetserviceproviders(ISPs),theyshou1dreceivepaymentsfrom1argeInternetcompaniesfbrterminatingtraffictotheirendusers,European Telecommunications Network Operators* Association (2022)r Eu
12、ropes Internet ecosystem: A 72bn boost to GDP and 840k new jobs are within reach if gaps in network costs are tackled. Available attocontributetothecostofro11ingoutgigabit-capab1enetworkinfrastructuretomeetEuropeanCommissionpo1icytargets.ThisideahasnotbeenC1ear1yjustified,anditsproponentshavenotaddr
13、essedtheimp1icationsofthisintervention,inc1udingnotjustforend-usersusingbroadbandbuta1sofbrbusinessesandpub1icservicesusingpub1icc1oudservicesovertheInternet.UnderETNO,sproposa1s,regu1atednetworkusagefees*wou1drep1acecommercia11ynegotiatedInternetinterconnection.Thesefeeswou1dinvo1vemandated,traffic
14、-re1atedpaymentsfromInternetcompanieswhode1ivertraffictoISPs.Thisisnotanewidea:ETNOraiseditoveradecadeago,in2012,butregu1ators,Policy-makers also examined this issues - for example, the French National Assembly published a detailed report in 2012, in N0 3336 - Rapport dinformation de Mmes Laure de L
15、a Raudiere et Corinne Erhel depose en application de !article 145 du reglement, par Ia commission des affaires economiques sur Ia neutralite de !internet et des reseaux (assemblee-nationale.fr)inc1udingtheBodyofEuropeanRegu1atorsforE1ectronicCommunications(BEREC)tooktheviewthatthecommercia11ynegotia
16、tedinterconnectionregimeontheInternetworkedwe11.BEREC (2012), An assessment of IP interconnection in the context of Net Neutrality, available at in-the- context-of-net-neutralityIn2017,BERECreiteratedthisviewinconc1usionofathoroughreviewoftrendsinthemarketp1ace.BEREC (2017), Report on IP-Interconnection practices in the Context of Net Neutrality, available at pra
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