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1、By1aura1aneScientistsdiscoveredanArcticwha1e,scomp1exsongs.isthesma11estandiscritica11yendangered.Tofindsomeofthosewha1es,Dr.Staffordandherco-workersusedunderwatermicrophones,ca11edthedark,wywatersofFramStrait,betweenGreen1andandNorwaySva1bardis1ands,theBoiAiheadWha1eawithTaIentJRArtbyPhy11isSaroffb
2、owheadwha1esaresinging.Theyshriek1ikecats.Theytrumpet.Theymake1owwoowoonoises.“Itdoesntsound1ikeanythingyouwou1dattributetoawha1e,saysDr.KateStafford,anoceanographerattheUniversityofWashington.Scientistssaybowheadwha1essingwithtwovoicesbecausetheycanmakebothhigh-pitchedand1ow-pitchedsoundsatthesamet
3、ime.Ofthewor1dsfourbowheadwha1epopu1ations,thegroupthat1ivesnearSpitsbergen(oneoftheSva1bardis1ands)hydrophones,torecordwha1esoundsinFramStraitforafu11year.Theyusedtherecordingsbothtocountthenumberofsingingbowheadsandtostudytheirsongs.1ostWha1es.Found!Theydiscoveredachorusofbowheadsongstakingp1acein
4、FramStraitduringthewinterandspring.Weknowthereareaminimumof66singers.Consideringthecurrentpopu1ationestimateisunknownbutthoughttobe*inthetens,(fewerthan100),thisisimportant,Dr.Staffordsays.A1sothediversityofsongssunginasing1ewinterisgreaterthanhaseverbeenreportedforawha1especies.*Scientiststhinkthe1
5、oud,ntinuoussingingofcomp1exsongsmeansthewha1esaregatheringinthoseco1dwaters.ThediscoveryisasteptowardsavingtheendangeredSpitsbergenbowheads.Thisgroupwasthoughttobeextinctunti1raresightingsbegantoincreaseinthe1980s.Unti1now,scientistsknewa1mostnothingaboutwherethesewha1esspentthewinters.Thesongshave
6、revea1edanimportantwinterhabitat.FramStraitmayevenbeamatingground.Co1d-WaterWha1eWithaIayerofinsu1atingfat,orb1ubber,upto11inchesthickunderitsskin,thebowheadis22中研7小缶novemurzokPhotos：(schoo1bus)byiStock/Photof&co.(spaceshutt1e)NASAPhoto/C4rUThomas.MapbyMpRsourcsPrmrInternationa1.Green1andTheirsongsr
7、evea1edanimportantwinterhabitat.theon1yba1eenwha1ethatcan1iveintheArctica11yearround.Itstaysundertheiceduringthewinters,usingitshugeheadto17thcentury,wha1ershuntedsevera1typesofwha1es.：99HowBigAreBowheadWha1es?FramStrait165,000POUNDSbreakbreathingho1esthroughespecia11ybowheads,bringingeight-inch-thi
8、ckicewhenevernecessary.Itspendsthesummersswimmingthroughareasofbrokenandme1tingice.Thewha1esshriek,trumpet,andmake1owwoowoonoises.1ikethehumpbackandotherba1eenwha1es,thebowheadhasnoteeth.Instead,itsmouthhasafi1termadeofhardmateria1ca11edba1een.Thewha1eswimsa1ongwithitsmouthopen,catching1argenumberso
9、ftinycrustaceansa1ongwithsomefish.Thenitswa11owsitscatch.Peop1eonceusedthewha1esb1ubberandba1eentomakemanyproducts,from1ampoi1tobuggywhips.Asear1yasthethemtonearextinction.Beginningin1946,nationsbeganworkingtogethertoprotectwha1esfromcommercia1shing.Insomeareas,theInuitandothernativepeop1esaresti11p
10、ermittedtohunta1imitednumberofbowheads.SingingintheDarkWhenDr.Staordandherteamrerdcdthewha1es,theyexpectedthemtomakesimp1egruntsandmoans.Theresearcherswereamazedbythecomp1exsongs,much1ikebirds,me1odics.UndertheiccofwesternFramStrait,thebowheadssangdai1y,oftenhour1y,fromNovembertoApri1.Dr.StafTordsay
11、sthewha1eshavedifferentca11typesfordifferentpurposes.Forexamp1e,theymakesimp1esoundsca11eduupweepRwand1istenfartheechoestohe1pthemnavigatethroughdarkvicywaters.Thea1mostnonstopsingingofcomp1exsongs1ike1ycomesfromma1ebowheads,justasmostbirdsongsandfrogca11saremademain1ybyma1es.*Itsabigmysteryastohowi
12、tp1aysoutinmatingsaysDr.Stafford.“Itmaybema1esshowingofftooneanother,oritmaybeadisp1aytoattractfema1es.Throughherwotoanswerquestionsaboutbowheads,Dr.Staffordhascometoappreciatethebeautyandmajestyofthewha1esandtheirenvironment.uOneofthethingsthatstrikesmeishowdynamictheArcticis,shesays.-Itconstant1ychanging.Theiceismoving,andtheanima1sthat1iveinithavetoadapta11thetime.踮NovEMURzoicx4ighig1ts23
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