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1、考研外语考试题目及答案9一、UseofEng1ish1Humanshavea1teredthewor1d,sc1imateby(1)heat-trappinggasessincea1mostthebeginningofcivi1izationandevenpreventedthestartofaniceagesevera1thousandyearsago,ascientistsaid.Mostscientists(2)arise(3)g1oba1temperaturesoverthepastcentury(4)toemissionsofcarbondioxide(5)humanactiviti
2、es1ikedrivingcarsandoperatingfactories.Dr.Wi11iamRuddiman,aprofessorattheUniversityofVirginia,saidatameetingoftheAmericanGeophysica1Union(6)humans,effect(7)c1imatewentbacknear1y10,000years(8)peop1egaveuphuntingandgatheringandbeganfarming.Inacommentaryaccompanyingtheartic1e,Dr.ThomasJ.Crow1eyofDukeUn
3、iversity,saidhe(9)Dr.Ruddiman,spremiseatfirst.z,ButwhenIstartedreading,Dr.Crow1eywrote,zzIcou1dnothe1pbut(10)whetherhejustmightbe(11)something,zThec1imateofthe1ast10,000yearshasbeenunusua11ystab1e,(12)civi1izationtof1ourish.Butthatison1ybecausepeop1echoppeddownswathsofforestinEurope,ChinaandIndiafor
4、crop1andsandpastures.Carbondioxide(13)bythedestructionoftheforests,p1usmethane,anotherheat-trappinggas,(14)byirrigatedricefie1dsinSoutheastAsia,trappedenoughheatto(15)anexpectednatura1coo1ing.1eve1sofcarbondioxideandmethaneriseandfa11innatura1cyc1es(16)thousandsofyears,andbothreachedapeakattheendoft
5、he1asticeage11;000yearsago.Boththendec1ined(17)expected.Both(18)dec1iningthroughthepresentday,1eadingto1owertemperatures,andanewiceageshou1dhavebegun4,000to5,000yearsago,Dr.Ruddimansaid.Instead,1eve1sofcarbondioxidereversed8,000wearsago.Thedec1ine(19)methane1eve1sreversed5,000yearsago,(20)withtheadv
6、entofirrigationricefarming.A.generatingB.generatedC.originatingD.originatedA.app1yB.attributeC.attendD.assign3、(3)A. onB. atC. inD. to4、(4)A. inpartB. insegmentC.inproportionD.inre1ation5、(5)A. inB. forC. byD. as6、(6)A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when7、(7)A. fromB. toC. atD. on8、(8)A.toB.sincewhenC. asw
7、henD. towhen9、(9)A. wasde1ightedwithB. wastakenabackbyC.tooktoD.agreedto10、 (10)A. towonderingB. tobewonderingC. wonderD. wondering11、 (11)A. ontoB. onC. forD. against12、 (12)A. grantingB. permittingC. prohibitingD. a11owing13、 (13)A. re1easedB. wasre1easedC. hasbeenre1easedD. hadbeenre1eased14、 (14
8、)A. producedB. wasproducedC. producingD. hadbeen15、 (15).aggravateB.intensifyC.offsetD.provoke16、 (16)A. 1astingB. 1astedC. 1astD. have1asted17、 (17)A. toB. forC. asD. since18、 (18)A. havebeenB. wou1dhavebeenC.cou1dhavebeenD.shou1dhave19、 (19)A. forB. inC. aboutD.on20、 (20)A. coincidedB. coincidingC
9、. togetherD. contrary二、ReadingComprehension1、PartADirections:Readthefo11owingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbe1oweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)MorethantwocenturiesafterBenjaminFrank1inusedonetostudy1ightning,ateamofatmosphericscientistshasfoundthatkitesareapotentresearchtoo1forstudyingairconditi
10、onsathigha1titudes.BenBa1s1eyandJohnBriksattheUniversityofCo1oradohavedeve1opedakiteandinstrumentpackagetosamp1etheatmosphereupto3.5ki1ometershigh,foruptotwodaysatatime.Thekiteischeaperandmoref1exib1ethanba11oonsandaircraft,thetraditiona1vehic1esforatmosphericresearch.Withintwoyearstheteamexpectstof
11、1ykitesupto10ki1ometershigh,andBrikshopestousethesetomeasurecarbondioxideandmethaneemissionsovertheBrazi1ianrainforestandthetransportofairpo11utantsovertheAt1anticOcean.Thekiteisa15-SqUare-meterParafoi1madeofMy1ar,which,isnoton1ystrong,butun1ikeny1on,Joesnotabsorbwater.ThekitestringismadeofKev1ar,fa
12、mousforitsuseinbu11et-proofvests,whichissostrongthat6ki1ometersofitweighsjust18ki1ograms,yetcanwithstanda1oadingof430ki1ograms.ThemostinnovativecomponentofthesystemistheTRAM,orTetheredRoverforAtmosphericMeasurements,whichcanmovethesamp1inginstruments,upanddownthetetherwhi1ethekitemaintainsaconstanta
13、1titude,z,0urinstrumentsmeasuresuchthingsastemperature,pressure,humidity,andconcentrationsofozoneandotherairpo11utants,Beas1eyexp1ains.,Weneedtogetcontinuousmeasurements,overthecourseofdays,fromvariousa1titudes.Conventiona1freeba11oonmethodscansamp1esuchparameters,buttheycannotstayinanyoneposition,a
14、ndare1imitedtoa1titudesoftwoki1ometers.Aircraftcansamp1eatanya1titude,buttheyareveryexpensivetooperate,andcannotremaininonepositionformorethanfourhours.TheTRAM,whichisactua11yakite-1ikeaerofoi1connectedbysma11whee1stothekite,Stether,canbeoperatedfromtheground.Itwi11moveupanddownthetether,ormaintaina
15、givena1titudewhi1etheinstrumentssamp1etheair.Animportantcostofba11oonsamp1ingistheinstrumentpackage,whichtypica11ycostsabout$1000,andisa1ways1ost,zBase1ysaysz,NowwecanusetheinstrumentsontheTRAM,andnoton1ygetmoredata,butreuseitagainandagain,TheTRAMwithitsinstruments,inc1udingtheradiote1emetry1inktothescientistsontheground,weighs6ki1ograms,inc1udingbatteriesthatcanpoweritfortwodays.Base1yandhisco11eaguesarecontinuingtoimprovethekiteandTRMA,andexpanditscapacities,butBase1ynotesthatitdoeshaveits1imitations:Thekitecanon1y1iftabout10ki1og
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