华南理工大学2012年软件体系结构复习大纲标准版.docx

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1、选择题All of the following roles are stakeholder except:All of the I,ol lowing arc important system attributes(、x( ： : attractivityWhich of the following are elements of a SA:AllWh i ch of the fol lowing is not a precondition for architectural review? finisheddesignATAM outputs include:1 .一个简洁的构架表述2 .表

2、述起初的业务目标3 .用场景集合捕获的质量需求4 .构架决策到质量需求的映射5 .所确定的敏感点和权衡点集合6 .有风险决策和无风险决策7 .风险主题的集合简答题1. What is The Architecture Business Cycle (ABC)?ABC is a cycle of influences from the environment to the architecture andback to the environment架构商业周期是一种相互影响的周期，从环境到架构又返回到环境。2.List 5 architecture patterns/styles.unbile

3、veable answer1. Data Flow Style数据流Three example of Data Flow Style:Batch Sequential批处理、Pipe-and-Filter管道、Process Control进程控制2. Call/Return Style调用/返回3. Independent components style独立组件4. Data-centered style数据中心5. Virtual machine Style虚拟机reliable :数据流 过程调用 事件驱动风格 信息共享风格 层次风格3. How is an architectural

4、 pattern/style determined.a set of component types一组组件类型a set of connector types/interaction mechanisms一组连接件类型/交互机制这些组件的拓扑分布a topological layout of these componentsa set of constraints on topology and behavior一组对拓扑和行为的约束an informal description of the costs and benefits of the style一些对风格的成本和效益的非正式的描述

5、4. Bass et als classify all architecture structures into 3 main categories, whatare them?Model-based模块结构：此处的元素是模块,它们是实现单元。（Decomposition分解,Users-Layered分层,Class类）Component-and-connector组件-连接器：此处的元素为运行时组件和连接器（Client-Server客户机-服务器,Concurrency并发，Process进程,Shared Data共享数据）Allocation分配：分配结构展示了软件元素和创建并执行软

6、件的一个或多个外部环境中的元素之间的关系。（Work Assignment工彳乍分酉己，Deployment部署,Implementation实现）Module-based structures: the elements are software modules the implementation units.Includes decomposition , uses , layered , class. Component-and-connector structures:the elements are run-time components. Includes process com

7、munication, concurrencyparallelism , shared data production and consumption, and client-servercommunication.Allocation Strutures:5. List 5 architecture structures according to Bass et al.Decomposition Users Layered class client-server ProcessConcurrencyShareddataDeployment Implement work assignment6

8、. What is a quality attribute scenario?a means to characterize system quality attributes, consists of 6 parts:a means to characterize system quality attributes, consists of 6 parts:1. stimulus source刺激源 stimjulas2. stimulus刺激3. environment环境4. artifacts affected制品5. system response系统响应6. measurement

9、 of response响应度量A unified way to express quality requirements7. Discuss the benefits of architectural reviews.1. financial节省成本2. forces preparation for review 推动为评审做准备3. captured rationale获取基本原理4. early detection of problems 尽早地发现问题5. validation of requirements确认需求6. improved architecture提高体系结构质量8.

10、When can architectural reviews begin?the review early architecture discovery review is done after requirements areset but before the architecture is firm需求分析之后体系结构还没有确定之前进行is used to understand implications of requirements on architecture用来理解需求在体系结构方面的隐含内容checks for requirements feasibility检查需求的可行性p

11、rioritizes architectural goals为质量目标排序full architectural review全面的评审：is done when architectural documentation is available体系结构文档可用时进行is used to evaluate qualities of proposed architecture评价被评体系结构的质量9. What is an unplanned architectural review? why should the organization have it?usually occurs when p

12、roject is in trouble通常在项目出现问题时采用often devolves into finger-pointing 导致互相责备can be painful for project already struggling对于已经苦苦挣扎了很久的项目而言有些痛苦An Unplanned evaluation is unexpected and usually the result of a project in serioustrouble and taking extreme measures to try to salvage previous effortother ve

13、rsion(ca):计划外评估是未曾预料到的，通常是因为项目存在严重的问题，需要采取极端的措施来补救以前的工作。对于项目成员来说，计划外评估更像是一种折磨，因为项目的资源和时间本来就已经很紧张了，但还要抽出资源和时间来进行评估，因此只有当管理层认为项目很有可能会失败，需要在开发过程中进行纠正时，才会进行计划外评估，计划外评估是反应性的，会使项目成员感到非常紧张。10. What is brainstorming?头脑风暴的特点是让与会者敞开思想使各种设想在相互碰撞中激起脑海的创造性风暴其可分为直接头脑风暴和质疑头脑风暴法。other version:头脑风暴是指一群人（或小组）围绕一个特定的兴

14、趣或领域，进行创新或改善，产生新点子，提出新办法。它是一种激发集体智慧产生和提出创新设想的思维方法。11. Explain risk points in architectural decision.While risks are potentially problematic architectural decisions.风险是有潜在问题的体系结构Discover risks - alternatives that might create future problems in somequality attribute发现风险：可能在将来产生质量问题的方案Example risksRul

15、es for writing business logic tier of your 3-tier style are not clearlyarticulated.三层架构下，商业逻辑层的规则还没有确定There is no way of detecting the live” failure of a critical component.没有检测一个关键组件是否正常工作的机制12. Explain non-risk points in architectural decision.Non-risks are good decisions relying on implicit assumptions.在一个可信的假设之下的，非风险是好的方案Discover non-risks - decisions that promote qualities that help realizebusiness/mission goals发现非风险：可以提高商业质量决策Example non-riskAssuming message arrival rates of once per second , a processing time of