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1、清华大学本科生考试试题专用纸(中文)考试课程:测试与检测技术基础2003年7月1日1 .回答下列问题。(每小题5分,总分40分)(1) DFT的主要步骤是什么?(2)什么是乃奎斯特频率?如果使用=8/Z的采样频率对信号进行采样,在此采样频率下,可以精确分辨的最高信号频率是多少?(3) Mf)是具有零均值的纯随机信号,求IimRr0o(4) x(t=e,求W.,-。IIO(5)对于一阶低通RC滤波器(图1),若截止频率RCT二.=440,C=0.047JUF,求R。0*Fig(6)将一个模拟信号数字化以进行谱分析。如果被分析的频率范围是0250Hz,所需的频率分辨率V=O5Hz,请确定(a)采样
2、频率;(b)进行FFT所需的采样点总数N。(7)一个速度传感器频率响应的固有频率=20Hz,阻尼比7=0.7,求其工作频带。(8)为了消除通常在压电传感器中存在的杂散电容,应采取什么措施?2. (10分)如果X()是Mr)的傅里叶变换,确定下述两信号的频谱。(不用画出频谱图)(a) x(1-r)sin(b) x(2t-yj,3. (8分)求取下图所示信号Mf)的频谱。4. (8分)用一应变片测量构件上某一点的应力。此应变片构成电阻电桥的一个臂,并用G=IOV的直流电源对电桥进行激励。如果应变片的电阻A=120Q,应变片系数=2,电桥的输出e,=5mV,确定该点应变片敏感方向上的应变和应力b。(
3、假定构件材料的弹性模量E=20x10K)P5. (8分)求时域信号x(0=g2吧的傅里叶变换,并画出其频谱图。6t6. (8分)(a)信号Mr)=M(f)+元,其中工为其均值。计算该信号的自相关函数。(b)如果信号自相关函数的形式为A8SGT,计算信号的均方值少2。7. (8分)一传感器对一频率为5000%的信号作出响应,但同时也检测到了60HZ噪声,其输出信号因此为5sin(2460)+25COS(2;F500Qf)?V为去除60HZ噪声,采用了一个截止频率为IOOoHZ的高通滤波器。求经滤波后的输出信号。8. (10分)一单自由度系统如图(a)所示,它受到一锯齿波力函数(图(b)作用,求系
4、统的稳态响应。设系统的参数如下:m=1kg,攵=IOoON/m,=31.6Nsm,A=IOON。(a)清华大学本科生考试试题专用纸(A卷)考试课程测试与检测技术基础2004年6月21日1. Answerthefo11owingquestions(4pointsforeachquestion.Tota1points:32.)(1) AssumingasystemhasafrequencyresponseHyjco)=a+jco,whatistheoutputofthesystemwhentheinputisasine-wavesigna1?(2) Aha1f-wavesinusoida1sign
5、a1is(a) mu1tip1iedbytwounitimpu1ses,or(b) convo1utedwiththetwounitimpu1ses(seethefigurebe1ow).Sketchthetworesu1tdiagrams.(3)(4) WhatistheNyquistfrequency?Ifasamp1ingfrequencyfs=4kHzisusedtosamp1easigna1,whatisthehighestfrequencyofthesigna1whichcanbeaccurate1yreso1vedatthissamp1ingfrequency?(5) Foram
6、p1itudemodu1ation,whatoperationsareperformedintimedomainandinfrequencydomainrespective1y?(6) Forafirst-orderRChigh-passfi1ter,whatareitscut-offfrequencyanditsfrequencyresponse?(7) Ifanauto-corre1ationfunctionisoftheformAs,determinethemean-squareva1ue2ofthesigna1.(8) Apiezoe1ectricacce1erometerhasafr
7、equencyresponsewithanatura1frequencyfn=4kHz,andadampingratio=0.7,whatisitsworkingfrequencyrange?(9) Anana1ogsigna1isdigitizedforspectrumana1ysis.Iftheana1yzedfrequencyrangeis0300Hz,andafrequencyreso1ution(频率分辨率)Off=0.5Hzisrequired,determine(a) thesamp1ingfrequencyfs;and(b) thenumberNofthetota1samp1e
8、pointsforanFFTprocedure.2. (10points)Determinethespectrumofthefo11owingsigna1x().P1otthespectrum.(0A+cos2r0-T4rr0+T4AotherwiseT1whereT=3. (10points)Afi1terhasitsfrequencyresponsefunctionH(JCt)showninFig.(a)withitsphasecharacteristic(co)=0.Forasaw-toothinputsigna1/(f)(seeFig.(b),determinethefi1tersou
9、tput./7(0VW1ro2r(b)4. (7points)Signa1x1()hasitsFouriertransformX,()(Fig.(a).ForthespectrumX2(/)=Xff3)+Xf+f4)showninFig.(b),determineitstimesigna1X2().5.6. (10points)FindtheFourierseriesofthefo11owingsigna1x(z)andp1otitsspectrum.Xz)sin352z=o,w2,.0Othenvise7.8. (10points)Findthefrequencyresponsefuncti
10、onofthefo11owingfi1ter.Whatkindoffi1terisit?Ca1cu1ateitscut-offfrequencyCOcandthedampingratio.9.10. (7points)Astraingageisusedtomeasurethestressatacertainpointofastructure.Thestraingageformsonearmofaresistivebridgewhichisexcitedbyadepowersupp1yex=5V.IfthestraingagehasaresistanceR=100andagagefactor(应
11、变片系数)7=2,andthebridge,soutputeo=1OtnV,determinethestrainandthestressatthepointinthesensingdirectionofthestraingage.(AssumingtheYoung,smodu1us(弹性模量)ofthestructuresmateria1E=201010Pa.)11. (14points)Aninertia1vibrationpick-upisshowninthefigurebe1ow.a. Ifthepick-upisusedasadisp1acementtransducer,writeit
12、sfrequencyresponsefunction.Ifthetransducerhasanatura1frequencyfn=40(Wz,andadampingratio=0.707,forasine-waveinputofafrequency200,determinethere1ativeamp1itudeerrorandthePhaSe-Shift(相位差)oftheoutput.b. Ifthepick-upisusedasanacce1erometerwhoseinputisacce1erationandtheoutputisdisp1acement,writeitsfrequencyresponsefunction.