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1、九年级(上)定语从句一、概念在复合句，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修手的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等,统称关系词，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。定语从句语与被修饰词是修饰与被修饰，限定与被限定的关系，可以说，定语从句是一个很长的形容词。翻译为“样的”IIikemjjsicthatICanJanceto.我喜欢我可以随之舞蹈的音乐。T-V-先行词关系代词定语从句二、特征1、关系代词在从句中做主语-不可省略，做宾语可省略(不影响句子结构和含义)。简单说就是关系代词后面是名
2、词，就做宾语，是动词，就做主语。(1) Footba11isagamewhich/thatis1ikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男生都喜欢的运动。(WhiCh/that在从句中作主语)(2) Thisisthepen(which/that)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天买的那支钢笔。(WhiCh/that在从句中作宾语)(3) Heisthemanthat/whoca11edyou.他就是给你打电话的那个人。(WhO/that在从句中作主语)(4)Heistheman(whom)youarewainingfor.他就是你在等的那个人。(whom在从句中做宾语)2、从句
3、谓语动词与主句先行词保持一致-主要体现在关系词做主语的时候。Eg：I1ikethebookthathe1psme.Maryisagir1whohas1onghair.TheboyswhoarefromAmerica1ikeChina.thatsthSb三、关系代词I1ikebooksthatcanhe1pme.作主语Ithink(that)heisright.作宾语whichsthTheroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.Theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryc1ean.Thisisthepenwhichyouwant
4、.whosbWhO用作主语或宾语，如：Thisistheboywhooftenhe1psme.whom-sbWhom只用作宾语，如：Themanwho/whomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.四、特殊用法(1) 般情况下，：WhiCh和that可互换。注意：代表物时多用WhiCh,但在下列情况中用that而不用which,口诀“程序问题最多”(1)“程”即程度，成分有多少：先行词是下列不定代词全部a11、every,一大部份much,大约一半some,不到一半a1itt1e,afew,只有一个on1y,very(thevery特指)，几乎没有few,1itt1e,没有n
5、o,不确定any,相同的thesame,以及，something,nothing,anything等。Eg：A11thatwehavetodoistopractiseEng1ish.Hereisnopersonthatdon,tmakemistakes.Thereistheon1ything/nothingthatwecando.veeatenupa11thefoodthatyougaveme.(2) “序”数词如thefirst,thesecond,thethird,the1ast.Eg:Thefirst1etterthatIgotfromhimwi11bekept.(3)“问题”一主句疑问
6、句，已经出现了WhO,which,为避免重复，只用thatEg：Whoisthemanthatisgivingusthec1ass?Whichisthebikethatyou1ost?(4)“最先行词被形容词最高级所修饰Eg:Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpo11ution.Heisthemostinterestingguythatveevermet.(5)“多”先行词既有人又有物时，如：Eg：Theyta1kedaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet.Thewriterandhisnove1sthatyouhavejustta
7、1kedaboutarerea11ywe11known.(6)主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用WhiCh.Eg:Therearesomeapp1esthatforyou.2、只用Which“都借钱”(1)“都”有逗号(即非限制行定语从句)：，i表示对主句解释说明，省略不影响主语。Eg:Themeetingisimportant,whicheverybodyknows.(没逗号也可用that)manartist,aperformanceartist,whichheisnot.我是个艺术家，一个行为艺术家，而他不是。(3) “借”介词+which=wherein,at
8、,to,for,among,through.固定搭配介词不提前CEg:Thisisthetunne1inWhiCh(Where)hetrave11edback.Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.注：含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上，拆开会影响句意的。ThisisthebookthatwhichIwas1ookingfor.(3)、前“面有that,从句不再用that,避免重复(双重从句)Eg：TornistheQ11Vthat1ovesNanCyWhoIoVeSJerry.(4)、先行词为that,those时，用Wh
9、iCh,而不用that,也是避免重复。EgiWhafsthatwhichisunderthedesk?4、当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who,that,WhiCh可省略，但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/WhOm”结构。例如:P1easete11mefromwhomIcanborrowthisbook.=P1easete11me(whom)Icanborrowthisbookfrom.5、theoneofthe由Of前的词决定，即从句谓语动词用单数，OneOfthe谓语动词由Of后的词决定，复数中的一个，也就是用复数。Eg:SheistheOnIyOneOfthegir
10、1swhoSinqSwe11inthec1ass.SheisOneOfthenir1sWhoSinSWeI1inthec1ass.6who和whomWho可做主语和宾语，WhOm只做宾语，WhO可以代替Whom做宾语，口语中，通常用Wh0。【典型例题解析】例1ThesecondbookIwanttoreadisBusinesstheSpeedofThought.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.as解析先行词b。Ok被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句，故选C。例2Thebookisso1doutatthemoment.A.youneedB.whatyouneedC.whichyou
11、needitD.thatyouneedit解析B、C、D中的what和it与先行Thebook相抵触，故选A。例3moneoftheboysnever1ateforschoo1.A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois解析本题中WhO用作主语，谓语动词与先行词theboys保持一致，故选B。【选讲例题】例4Hersister,youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEng1ish.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whois解析非限制性定语从句中，有逗号，关系代词不用that,但指人时用who或WhOm.故选Ao例5Thesebookareforst
12、udentsareintroub1ewithEng1ish.A.ofwhomB.thatC.whichD.who解析先行词是人，关系代词做主语，故选Do填写适当的关系代词(答案不止一种)：1. Mary1ikesmusicisquietandgent1e.2. Thecoat()1putonthedeskisb1ue.3. Thebui1dingstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.4. Thefi1mwesaw1astnightwaswonderfu1.5. Thegir1oftenhe1psmewithmyEng1ishisfromEng1and.
13、6. Whoistheteacher()1iMingista1kingto?7. Thisisthehouseinwe1ived1astyear.8. P1easete11mefromyouborrowedtheEng1ishnove1.9. Thisisthepersonyouare1ookingfor.10. Thecityshe1ivesinisveryfaraway.。11. Hewasthefirstpersonpassedtheexam.12. Isthereanythingyouwanttobuyintheshop?13. ThisisthesamebikeI1ost.14. 1
14、eanrememberwe11thepersonsandsomepicturesIsawintheroom.15. Whoisthegir1iscrying?16. Thereisabookonthedeskbe1ongstoTom.17. Whatarethoseisunderthedesk?18. Thisistheroominhe1ives.19. Thisistheroomhe1ivesin.20. Tomcameback,madeushappy.21. Thefirstthingyoumustdoistohaveamea1.22. Apri11stisthedayisca11edAp
15、ri1FoosDayinthewest.23. Thefami1yhad1osteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhe1pfromtheirfriends.24. Thehousewe1iveinisveryo1d.25. Didn,tyouseethemanIta1kedwithjustnow?单项填空。1. -Doyouknowthemanista1kingwithyourfather?-Yes,he,sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom2. IsthistheriverIcanswim?A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone3. Thisisthebesthote1inthecityIknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it4. Canyou1endmethedictionarytheotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5. AnyonewithwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.who
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