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1、超声引导Seldinger法腹膜透析置管术在终末期肾病中的应用彭晓枫,林建帆,许进雄汕尾市人民医院肾内科,广东汕尾516600通讯作者:彭晓枫,副主任医师,Email:【摘要】目的探究超声引导SeIdinger法腹膜透析爸术在终末期肾病中的临床应用效里.方法选上 2019年6月至2020年12月汕尾市人民医院接受腹膜透析治疗的60例终末期肾病患者为研究对象,按 照随机数表法将患者分为观察组和对照组各30例。观察组患者采用超声引导Seldinger法经皮穿刺完成腹 膜透析置管,对照组患者采用开腹手术完成腹膜透析穿刺置管。比较两组患者的手术时间和术后住院时间, 并观察两组患者术后1个月内和术后11
2、2个月内的并发症发生情况,结果 观察组患者的手术时间、手术 切口长度、术后排气时间、术后住院时间分别为(25.158.22) min、(26.164.23) mm、(4.761.12) h、(9.21+2.32) d,均明显母于对照组的(56.91 12.69) min、(43.097.17) mm、(8.292.09) h、(13.463.37) d,差异应有统计学意义(PVO.05);观察组患者术后近期及远期的并发症总发生率分别为 6.67%、3.33%,明显低于对照组的30.00%、16.67%,差异均有统计学意义(PVO.05) 结论 超声引导下 Seldinger法经皮穿刺腹膜透析置
3、管术是一种操作简便、手术创伤较小、安全可靠的置管方式,可有效减少 和避免术后并发症的发生,值得在临床推广应用。【关键词】终末期肾病;腹膜透析;超声;Sekiinger法;经皮穿刺置管;并发症Application of ultrasound-guided Seldinger peritoneal dialysis in endstage renal disease Peng Xiaofeng, Lin Jianfan, Xu JinxiongDepartment of Nephrology, Shanwei peoples Hospital, Shanwei, Guangdong, 51660
4、0Abstract Objective To research the clinical application of ultrasound-guided Seldinger peritoneal dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. Method 60 patients with end-stage renal disease in our hospital from June 2019 to December 2020 were randomly divided into observation group and contr
5、ol group, 30 cases in each group. The patients in the ObSerVation group were treated with Seldinger guided percutaneous puncture and peritoneal dialysis catheterization. The patients in the control group underwent peritoneal dialysis puncture and catheterization by open operation. The operation time
6、 and postoperative hospital stay of the two groups were compared, and the complications of the two groups in the short term (within 1 month after operation) and long term (within 1-I2 months after operation) were observed and compared. Result The operation time, length of opcraic incision and postop
7、erative exhaust time and postoperative hospital stay of the observation group were (25.158.22) min, (26.164.23) mm, (4.761.12) h, (9.21 2.32) d, resDeclively, Ihe Congl grouD Were (56.91 12.69) min、(43.097.17) mm, (8.292.09) h, (13.463.37) d. respectively. ComDared with the control group, the observ
8、ation group were lower than those of the control group, and the difference were statistically significant (P0.05). The incidence of postoperative short-term and long-term complications in the observation group were 6.67% and 3.33% respectively, which were significantly lower than 30.00% and 2016.67%
9、 in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P0.05),具有可比性。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会 审核批准,所有患者均知情并签署知情同意书。1.2 治疗方法察组组患者采用超声引导SeklingeI法经皮穿刺完成腹膜透析置管出位左返 (1)患者取仰卧位,于耻骨联合上913cm处,腹中线左侧平行位置约2cm处,通过彩色 多普勒超声对腹壁下动脉走行进行观察并标记穿刺点,穿刺点选择要避开血管位置;(2) 穿刺包选择美国百特公司的MedCOmD穿刺包,包括Tenehofr双CUfT直管、18G穿刺针
10、、17F 可撕脱鞘管、隧道针、导丝等。超声仪为M-TUrbO便携式彩色多普勒超声仪(美国SOnOSiIe 公司生产),8MHz线阵探头。对穿刺点部位进行常规消毒、铺巾后注射1.0%利多卡因进 行局部麻醉,于手术定位处作长约23cm的纵形切口,切开分离皮下组织,暴露长约Icm 的腹直肌前鞘,注射利多卡因进行逐层浸润麻醉;(3)超声引导下穿刺针以45角度进针, 经腹直肌前鞘穿刺进入腹腔,注入300500ml生理盐水,经穿刺针将导丝送入腹腔,导丝 推入约1/4长度,拔除穿刺针后沿导丝将可撕脱鞘管送至腹腔,拔除鞘管针芯,置入腹膜透 析导管到达目标位置(膀胱直肠窝或子宫直肠窝),注入生理盐水,引流畅通后
11、撕开鞘管外 鞘并拔除,将腹膜透析管的内CUff置入腹直肌鞘内;(4)经腹膜透析导管开口注入500ml 生理盐水,观察腹膜透析导管出入水流通畅情况以及有无明显出血,隧道针建立皮下隧道, 固定外CUff于皮下,再次进行通水试验,水流通畅后间断缝合皮下组织及皮肤,固定导管。 122对照组该组患者采用开腹手术法完成腹膜透析穿刺置管 具体方法:(1)患者取仰卧位,选择耻骨联合上913cm处与腹中线平行左侧2cm处的交界区域作为切口位置,常 规消毒、铺巾后采用1.0%利多卡因进行局部麻醉;(2)于手术定位处作长约45cm的纵 向切口,依次切开皮肤、皮下组织和腹直肌前鞘,钝性分离腹直肌,充分暴露腹直肌后鞘,
12、 于腹直肌后鞘和腹膜上做一仅能通过腹膜透析管的小口后行荷包缝合;(3)采用Seldinger 技术在导丝引导下将腹膜透析管放置在膀胱直肠陷窝(男)或子宫直肠陷窝(女),试注入 肝素盐水以验证引流是否通畅,明确引流通畅后结扎荷包,将内涤纶套放置于腹直肌后鞘外, 包埋于腹直肌内,间断缝合腹直肌前鞘;(4)隧道针引导下行皮下隧道,外接接头和短管, 依次缝合皮下组织、皮肤,覆盖无菌敷料后完成手术。两组患者均于术后第Id封管,从术后第2d开始腹膜透析治疗,每次注入20050Oml 腹膜透析液,之后可根据实际情况逐渐增加至2000ml次。1.3 观察指标(I )比较两组患者的手术情况:包括尸手术时间、手术切口长度、术后排气时间及术后住院时间。(2)较两组患者术后近期(术后1个月内)和术后远期(术后 112个月内)的并发症发生情况2并发症包括导管移位、管周渗漏、网膜包裹、腹腔出血 和腹膜炎等“1.4 统计学方法 应用SPSS20.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料符合正态分布,以均 数土标准差