2019年04月自学考试00830《现代语言学》试题.docx

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1、2019年4月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830I.Directions:Readeachofthefo11owingstatementscarefu11y.Decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcomp1etesthestatementandb1ackenthecorresponding1etterA,B,CorI)ontheANSWERSHEET.(2%10=20%)1. 1inguisticsisgenera11ydefinedasthestudyof1anguage.A.synchronicB.scientificC.specificD.d

2、iachronic2. aimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsina1anguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaningin1inguisticcommunication.A.PhoneticsB.Phono1ogyC.PhoneD.Phoneme3. TheAmericanS1Ascho1arproposedthedistinctionbetweenacquisitionand1earning.A.F.deSaussureB.N.ChomskyC.S.KrashenD.B.F.Skinner4. Theba

3、sicunitinthestudyofmorpho1ogyisA.phoneB.wordC.phonemeD.morpheme5. Oneofmajormenta1functionscontro11edbytherighthemisphereofthebrainisA.tempora1orderingB.ho1isticreasoningC.ca1cu1ationD.ana1yticreasoning6. Traditiona11ythethreemajortypesofsentencesare,andsentences.A.fu11/partia1/incomp1eteB.affirmati

4、ve/interrogative/imperativeC.positive/negative/neutra1D.simp1e/coordinateorcompound/comp1ex7. Insocio1inguistics,themorestandardvarietyisca11edthevariety,whichisusedformoreforma1orseriousmatters,suchasspeechesmadeingovernment,themedia,schoo1,orchurch.A.1owB.highC.authoritativeD.officia18. Thesensere

5、1ationthatho1dsbetweenthetwoWordsfiowerandroseisA.po1ysemyB.homonymyC.hyponymyD.synonymy9. Whi1ethemeaningofasentenceisabstract,anddecontex1ua1ized,themeaningofa(n)isconcrete,andcontext-dependent.A.wordB.phraseC.idiomD.utterance10. Historica11inguisticsisthesubfie1dOf1inguisticsthatstudies1anguagech

6、ange,therefore,itmain1yadoptsaapproach.A.diachronicB.synchronicC.descriptiveD.prescriptive11. Directions:Fi11intheb1ankontheANSWERSHEETineachofthefo11owingstatementswithoneword,thefirst1etterofwhichisa1readygivenasac1ue.Notethatyouaretofi11inONEwordon1y,andyouarenota11owedtochangethe1ettergiven,(1%1

7、0=10%)11. Dfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhuman1anguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanima1systemofcommunication.12. Eng1ishconsonantscanbec1assifiedeitherintermsofmofarticu1ationorintermsofp1aceOfarticu1ation.13. 1anguageacquisitionisconcernedwith1anguagedinhumans.14. Boundmorphemesinc1udetwotypes

8、:rootsanda15. Thebrainisdividedintotworough1ysymmetrica1ha1ves,ca11edh,oneontherightandoneonthe1eft.16. ThetheoryofCaseConditionaccountsforthefactthatnphrasesappearon1yinsubjectandobjectpositions.17. Aparticu1arrmaybeusedbyaparticu1argroupofpeop1e,usua11ysharingthesameoccupation1ikedoctors,teachers,

9、and1awyers,orthesameinterests,suchasstampco11ectors,footba11fans.18. Rmeanswhata1inguisticformreferstointherea1,physica1wor1d;itdea1swiththere1ationshipbetweenthe1inguistice1ementandthenon-1inguisticwor1dofexperience.19. AccordingtoJohnAustin,Pweresentencesthatdidnotstateafactordescribeastateandwere

10、notverifiab1e.20. Itisgenera11yacceptedthatthehistoryof(heEng1ish1anguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOEng1ish,Midd1eEng1ishandModemEng1ish.111. Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefo11owingstatementsistrueorfa1se.PutaTfortrueorFforfa1seontheANSWERSHEET.Ifyouthinkastatementisfa1se,youmustexp1ainwhyyouthinks

11、oandthengivethecorrectversion.(2%10=20%)21. AccordingtoF.deSaussure,paro1eisconcrete,whi1e1angueisabstract.22. Therearetwonasa1sinEng1ish:mn.23. Studiesoftheeffectofforma1instructioningenera1supportthehypothesisthatinstructiondecidesS1A.24. Sinceacompoundisaword,itscomponentscannotbewrittenseparate1

12、y.25. Formostindividua1s,the1efthemisphereisdominantfor1anguage,regard1essofhandiness.26. Thearrangementofwordsina1inearsequenceentai1sthatsentencesaresimp1y1inear1y-structured.27. Aeuphemismisami1d,director1essoffensivewordorexpressionsubstitutedwhenthespeakerorwriterfearsmoreindirectwordingmightbe

13、harsh,unp1easant1yoffensive.28. Whentwowordsareidentica1inspe11ing,theyarehomophones.29. Ifonesayswhathebe1ievestobefa1se,hevio1atesthemaximofquantity.30. Themostvigorousandon-goingchangeinthehistorica1deve1opmentofa1anguageisthechangeinitsvocabu1ary.IV.Directions:Exp1ainthefo11owingtermsandgiveexam

14、p1esfori11ustrationwhereappropriate.(3%10=30%)31. app1ied1inguistics32. Internationa1PhoneticA1phabet(IPA)33. 1anguagetransfer34. inf1ectiona1affixes35. 1inguistic1atera1ization36. branchingnodes37. semantics38. i11ocutionaryact39. historica11inguistics40. 1inguafrancaV.Directions:Answerthefo11owingquestions.(10%2=20%)41. Ofthetwomediaof1anguage,speechandwriting,whichismorebasicintheviewofmodem1inguistics?Exp1ainthereasons.42. Whatarethemajorviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning?Exp1ainthembrief1y.